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• W159124335 abstract "Pater's concept of the diaphanous character bears a striking resemblance to the idea of the transparent subject in the works of Novalis, as comparison of some passages shows. Pater's transformation of this Romantic idea reveals that he stands at the threshold to modernism: On the one hand he keeps up the Romantic and Idealist assumptions of the subject's ability to form itself and to maintain its wholeness; on the other hand he declares this to be only possible through the indefiniteness of the subject, which makes him a precursor of modernism. Pater's ambivalent / doppeltes concept finds there a reflection in the Chandos letter by Hugo yon Hofmannsthal. ********** In his earliest essay, Diaphaneite, Walter Pater develops the notion of a special kind of subjectivity, the ideal of a transparent character who is largely constituted through his perceptions. Although this short text does not present a stringent argument but is more a fragmentary sketch, it contains Pater's basic ideas about subjectivity. (1) Therefore I consider the text to be as important for the further development of Pater's thought as the famous Conclusion. I want to demonstrate that Pater's idea of the diaphanous character stands at the threshold to modernism in that it expresses a tension between the simultaneous enhancement and effacement of the self. His essay is therefore an important contribution to the discussion about subjectivity in general, anticipating ideas of modernism and taking up again Romantic ideas. To show this I will first discuss some passages written by Novalis that could have possibly been a source for Pater's concept of the diaphanous subject; then I will present a close reading of Diaphaneite, analyzing in detail Pater's concept of the diaphanous hero. I read this text not as the description of a special type of character but as a model for the ideal nature of subjectivity. At the end of my essay I will review Hugo yon Hofmannsthal's transformation of Pater's concept of the transparent subject, and thereby demonstrate the degree to which Pater anticipates ideas of the twentieth century. I Clearly one of Pater's objectives in this first essay is to attack Victorianism and its standards, especially utilitarianism. But more interesting are the positive aspects of this concept, which become clear when one looks at the etymology of the word diaphanous. As John J. Conlon has shown, this word derives from the Greek word diaphaino (2); the verb form diaphaneite can be translated as will cause something to appear and will allow something to shine through. The word has an active and a passive meaning; if you transfer this onto the concept of the diaphanous character it means that the transparency works in two directions. It refers on the one hand to a greater ability of reception, of taking in perceptions and ideas, and on the other hand to an ability to express the inner self to the outside world and to form one's self as a clear outline in accordance with one's own system of inner law. If, as the title of the essay suggests, the idea of transparency is the starting point for this model of subjectivity, the question arises as to whether Pater discovered this idea somewhere else. Sources for various aspects of Pater's text have been named--for example Fichte, Hegel, Carlyle, and Coleridge. (3) It is possible, however, that there is another source, the German Romantic poet and philosopher Novalis. There are several passages in his writings in which the idea of Durchsichtigkeit / transparency is presented. Nearest to Pater's essay is a fragment from his Teplitzer Fragmente, in which Novalis writes: Der vollkommenste Karacter wurde der durchsichtige--/der von selbst verstandliche--der unendlich leicht und naturlich scheinende, durchaus Bekannte, deshalb unbemerckte, ubersehene / und elastische seyn. (4) [The most perfect character would be the one that is transparent--in itself comprehensible, seeming infinitely easy and natural, already well known, and therefore not noticed, overlooked and elastic. …" @default.
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• W159124335 date "1997-09-22" @default.
• W159124335 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W159124335 title "Walter Pater's Essay Diaphaneite as a Bridge between Romanticism and Modernism" @default.
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