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- W1592787788 abstract "Grief is one of the most ubiquitous traumatic human experiences. Although in recent years online expressions of grief have grown significantly in scale, little is known about the extent to which such activities aid in the clinical and non-clinical management of grief. In the wake of several national disasters including the Pike River mining tragedy and the Christchurch earthquakes, New Zealanders have increasingly used social media and the internet to express their grief and connect with others experiencing similar trauma. This article discusses developments in this field from a psychological perspective and suggests ways in which online developments create tools to further the management of grief. Several online options are reviewed with specific reference to their facilitation of the primary tasks of grieving. Suggestions for future research are given and the impact of online grieving tools on professional practice is discussed. The loss of a loved one is an experience that transcends all social, cultural and religious barriers. As a universal and unavoidable human experience, the impact of grief on psychological functioning has been studied since Freud's Mourning and Melancholia in 1917 (Freud, 1957). Although experienced primarily at an individual level, the impact of grief is inevitably much broader, with families, friends and communities all affected by loss. Moreover, with more than 2.4 million deaths experienced every year in the United States alone (Xu, Kochanek, Murphy, & Tejada-Vera, 2010) and over 30,000 deaths predicted for New Zealand this year (Cental Intelligence Agency, 2010), the impact of grief is a very real issue for society to process at personal and professional levels. Psychology has sought to understand the causes and nature of grief and offer counsel on how to manage it, particularly in complex cases. Understanding of grief has been built around the bedrock of four main theories. Based on these theories clinicians have historically distinguished between grief counselling and grief therapy as two different ways of helping patients. Grief counselling aims to facilitate the normal process of grief and support individuals during these difficult times. In contrast, grief therapy is tailored more specifically to people experiencing complicated grief, which occurs when individuals struggle to function and cope with the grieving process (Worden, 2009). Although empirical validation of the predominant grief models has been relatively limited, research has shown that in the context of complicated grief, psychological interventions appear to be most beneficial (see Matthews & Marwit, 2004 for a comprehensive review). For many people grief is an experience that is processed without professional help from a clinician. To this end societies have developed a range of customs and rituals that enable grief support. While these customs vary substantially in their expressions of grief between cultures, ethnicities and religions, they all offer a way for individuals to be supported through the tasks of mourning without professional psychological help. Traditionally these customs have included the funerary process (or tangi within Maori culture), burial or cremation customs and ways to spread news of the death (see Metcalf & Huntington, 1991 for a comprehensive review on the anthropology of mortuary ritual). However, in recent years there has been a significant addition to these rituals, as the internet has supported new behaviours and expressions of grief online. These have ranged from a more widespread public expression of loss to the establishment of 'permanent' online memorials. However, there has been no research to review whether these new behaviours are beneficial to the individuals involved and the extent to which grief professionals may find them supportive of more traditional clinical approaches. This paper aims to offer an early discussion about whether new online tools are helpful in the tasks of mourning and how and when they might be recommended by grief professionals. …" @default.
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- W1592787788 date "2011-07-01" @default.
- W1592787788 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W1592787788 title "Grieving in the Internet Age" @default.
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