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- W1592956223 abstract "Until gene therapy allows to detect and manipulate those genes involved in excessive accumulation of fat in children and adolescents, prevention seems to be the only realistic solution for the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity. Traditional approaches include energy intake restrictions and some extra energy expenditure. However, this restricting energy intake might not be the best option for growing youths who need to be in a positive energy balance in order to ingest sufficient amounts of the nutrients needed for optimal growth. Physical inactivity is worldwide one of the biggest problems of public health. In Spain, approximately 66% of boys and girls under 15 years do not perform or rarely perform any kind of physical activity during their leisure free time. Vigorous physical activity (VPA), without restriction of energy intake, can produce favourable effects on body composition (reduction of total and visceral fat mass, and increased bone mass...), fitness levels and other cardio-metabolic risk factors. Moreover, VPA is often accompanied by increases, not decreases, in dietary energy intake. It appears that exercise doses of 155-180 minutes per week at moderate to high-intensity are effective in improving the body composition and fitness of overweight youths. For youths who are not overweight prior to the intervention, larger doses of approximately 300 minutes per week may be needed to prevent excess accretion of fat. Data presented in this review suggests that adding 2-3 hours per week of sport activities to the compulsory physical education courses seems to be effective in preventing excessive fat mass accumulation at the same time that it facilitates lean mass accretion and improves physical fitness in growing youths. The battle against childhood obesity should focus on changing the lifestyles of children and youths. Lifestyle interventions are more likely to be successful if they emphasize reduction of time devoted to sedentary activities and increased participation in daily VPA, rather than restriction of dietary energy intake. KEY WORDs: Exercise. Sedentary. Energy balance. Health. REsUMEN Hasta que los avances en genetica permitan detectar y manipular los genes implicados en el alarmante aumento de la prevalencia de obesidad en ninos y jovenes, la unica solucion realista al problema de la obesidad infantil es la prevencion. Hasta el momento, los intentos por reducir el alarmante incremento de obesidad infantil y juvenil siguen el modelo tradicional de reduccion de la ingesta energetica y aumento de los niveles de actividad fisica. No obstante, dicho modelo puede no ser el metodo mas adecuado para poner en practica con ninos y ninas en periodo de crecimiento y desarrollo, dado que estos requieren un balance energetico positivo con el fin de obtener el aporte necesario de nutrientes para el adecuado crecimiento. La inactividad fisica es actualmente uno de los principales problemas de salud publica a escala mundial. En Espana, el 66% de los ninos y ninas de hasta 15 anos afirman no realizar o realizar de forma esporadica alguna actividad fisica a lo largo de la semana durante su tiempo libre. En ninos y ninas con sobrepeso la actividad fisica vigorosa (AFV) sin restriccion calorica produce efectos positivos sobre la composicion corporal, y se observa que a traves de su practica se consiguen cambios favorables en el porcentaje de grasa corporal y de grasa visceral, en la densidad osea, en el fitness cardiovascular y en otros factores de riesgo cardiometabolicos, que a menudo se acompanan de aumentos, no de reducciones, en la ingesta energetica. Por tanto, parece que las actuales recomendaciones de actividad fisica en ninos y jovenes (150-180 min/semana a moderada-alta intensidad) pueden ser efectivos para la mejora de la composicion corporal y el fitness en ninos y en jovenes con sobrepeso. Para los que todavia no presentan sobrepeso pueden ser necesarias cantidades incluso mayores (alrededor de 300 min/semana) para prevenir el exceso de acumulacion de grasa. Los resultados de los trabajos incluidos en esta revision muestran que anadir 2-3 h a la semana de practica deportiva extraescolar durante el crecimiento permite atenuar la acumulacion de masa grasa, incrementa las ganancias de masa muscular y de masa osea, al mismo tiempo que mejora la condicion fisica de los ninos y de los jovenes. La batalla contra la obesidad infantil deberia centrarse en modificar los estilos de vida de los ninos y jovenes, no solo desde el punto de vista nutricional, sino preferiblemente mediante el aumento en los niveles de AFV y la reduccion del numero de horas dedicadas a la realizacion de actividades sedentarias. PALABRAs CLAVE: Ejercicio. Sedentarismo. Balance energetico. Salud. This work was financed by the Ministry of Education and Science R+D+i 2005-2008 (EXERNET network, DEP 2005-00046). Also, the various help received for the holding of the 1st International Symposium on Physical exercise and Health (Huesca-October 2008) made the execution of this work possible with the participation of all the co-authors in several working days (Ministry of Science and Innovation [DEP 2008-02598-E], the Spanish Sports Council [01/UPB 50/08] and the University of Zaragoza [Project Code 216103]). Received: 13 July 2009 / Accepted: 13 July 2009. Correspondence to: Ignacio Ara (iara@unizar.es). 02 REVISION 1085 INGLES (111-11111 111 16/10/09 08:33:04 Document downloaded from http://www.apunts.org, day 30/03/2016. This copy is for personal use. Any transmission of this document by any media or format is strictly prohibited." @default.
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- W1592956223 title "Child obesity can be better reduced through vigorous physical activity rather than through energy intake restriction" @default.
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