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• W1593324542 abstract "DONALD A. SPAETH. The Church in an Age of Danger: Parsons and Parishioners, 1660-1740. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xiii + 279, bibliography, index. $64.95 The title of Donald Spaeth's remarkable 1985 Brown University doctoral thesis-Parsons and Parishioners: Lay-clerical Conflict and Popular Piety in Wiltshire Villages, 1660-1740-had virtue of accurately reflecting its subject. In a much revised form here, it remains a stimulating work of great insight and impeccable scholarship. It is a shame, then, that those at Cambridge University Press have chosen to market book as some kind of definitive statement about Church of England between Restoration and Evangelical Revival. For The Church in an Age of Danger, like thesis from which it was born, remains a detailed analysis of lay-clerical relations in southern English county of Wiltshire. The Church in an Age of Danger examines the practice and social context of established religion in Wiltshire between Restoration and evangelical revival of mid-eighteenth century. Spaeth's argument is two-fold. He suggests that worship was able to command considerable support. It was not merely imposed upon unwilling congregations by a partnership of squire and parson. By 1740s, though, the defensiveness and mental rigidity of Church of England and its clergy did not bode well for future...[T]he main danger to Church came from within. The book falls into three sections. In first three substantive chapters, Spaeth profiles Wiltshire clergy and surveys both types of and means to manage disputes that arose between parsons and their parishioners. In next three chapters, he turns his attention to sources of lay-clerical conflict, looking particularly at disputes regarding tithes, pluralism, non-residence, and religious nonconformity. In final four chapters, he explores popular religious practices, including a fascinating discussion of connections between singing and religious revival. Unfortunately, The Church in an Age of Danger suffers from potentially debilitating structural problems. First, Spaeth pays insufficient attention to episcopal oversight. In any study of lay-clerical conflict, one must necessarily focus particularly upon religious practices in parish. Yet it is well to remember that parish was part of an ecclesiastical organization that spread out in concentric circles to include rural deanery, archdeaconry, diocese, and archdiocese. As many scholarly biographies of late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century bishops have shown, episcopate took seriously their responsibility to monitor pastoral care in their dioceses. Indeed, structural problems Spaeth highlights as sources of conflict-pluralism, nonresidence, economical management of church lands, for instance-were not new, and bishops since late sixteenth century had worked to mitigate their effects on parochial pastoral care. Anglican prelates even modified triennial visitation in early eighteenth century to include separate articles of inquiry directed specifically to parish clergy. These focused upon structural defects built into medieval organization of church and upon other threats to Anglican pastoral effectiveness. Bishops like William Wake, Edmund Gibson, Martin Benson, and Thomas seeker used information from visitation returns to try to reform pastoral care in their dioceses. …" @default.
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