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- W1594065614 abstract "An estimated two million people die of terminal liver disease every year. The World Health Organization calculates that over six hundred and fifty million people worldwide suffer from some form of liver disease, including thirty million Americans. On a worldwide base, approximately one to two million deaths are accounted to liver related diseases annually. Around the globe, China has the world’s largest population of Hepatitis B patients (approximately 120 million) with five hundred thousand people dying of liver illnesses every year(1, 2). In the US alone, five hundred thousand critical liver problem episodes are reported every year requiring hospitalization with great burden to the patients and a huge cost to the health care system. In the European Union and United States of America alone, over eighty one thousand and twenty six thousand people died of chronic liver disease in 2006, respectively(1, 3). For these patients, liver transplantation is presently the only proven therapy able to extend survival for end-stage liver disease. It is also the only treatment for severe acute liver failure and to some forms of inborn errors of metabolism. Nevertheless, the waiting list for liver transplantation is long and many patients will not survive long enough to receive an organ due to the dramatic shortage of donors or lack of eligibility(1). A good example of this is that in 2007 there were almost seventeen thousand candidates on the US waiting list for liver transplantation. From those, only 30% were actually transplanted by the end of the year, with an average waiting time of more than 400 days. In the same year, nearly one thousand and three hundred people died while waiting for a suitable donor, with no real therapeutic alternative available to save their lives. Moreover, for those patients with fulminant hepatic failure, a severe liver disease with 60-90% mortality, depending on the etiology, only 10% received a transplant. Altogether, liver transplantation still has a relatively high mortality of 30-40% at 5-8 years with 65% of the deaths occurring in the first 6 months. Patients who have undergone transplantation have to also use lifelong immunosuppressive therapy, with sometimes severe side effects(4). There are innumerous etiologies of end-stage chronic liver disease that lead to transplantation and approximately 80% of the candidates in the liver transplantation waiting list have a primary diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Fortunately, some of the causes of these diseases are currently preventable. An excellent example is the successful vaccination programs in many countries around the world against Hepatitis B virus, which have" @default.
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- W1594065614 date "2011-08-01" @default.
- W1594065614 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W1594065614 title "Liver Regeneration: the Role of Bioengineering" @default.
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- W1594065614 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/21549" @default.
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