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• W159603352 abstract "This study examines Egyptian, Syrian, and Palestinian perceptions of Soviet involvement in the Arab-Israeli dispute during perestroika. The goal is to find out how the Arabs perceived the Soviet stand during Gorbachev's rule. The study focuses on Egyptian, Palestinian, Syrian scholarly and journalistic sources, as well as modern Russian authors' coverage of the Soviet role. Palestinians, Egypt, and Syria have been key participants in the Middle East conflict, directly involved in the protracted confrontation with Israel since its inception. In addition, these three actors share another distinction. In the course of many years, they maintained close links with the Soviet Union, the main supporter of the Arabs from the mid-1950s until the breakup of the USSR in late 1991. Examination of their perceptions of the Soviet stand on the Middle East conflict is important because it helps to understand the expectations these key Arab participants entertained toward the Communist superpower, and thereby better comprehend the dynamics of the Arab-Israeli conflict. This article examines Arab actors' views on Soviet policy during the crucial period of transformation of the USSR. The objective is to discover how these key Arab participants adjusted to a gradual change of Moscow's policy toward the Arab-Israeli conflict. Perestroika and glasnost changed the Soviet Union dramatically, including Soviet foreign policy. Moscow's course toward the Arab-Israeli conflict, however, did not change drastically overnight. Mikhail Gorbachev, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR beginning in March 1985, was cautious in reconsidering his country's traditional anti-Israeli and anti-Zionist policies. Actually, the Kremlin finally decided to restore full diplomatic relations with the Jewish State only in December 1991, simultaneously with the breakup of the USSR. Nevertheless, already during the earlier stages of glasnost and perestroika in 1985-1989, certain aspects of Soviet policy had already undergone partial transformation. During this period the Soviet Union intensified its contacts with Israel and exchanged consular delegations with that country. Cultural ties between Israel and the USSR were developing as if normal relations existed between the two nations. In addition, the USSR again allowed mass Jewish emigration to Israel.1 Russian scholar Alexei Vasiliev observed that with perestroika positive mention of Israel became increasingly common in Soviet newspapers, which was more indicative of more freedom of mass media than of official Soviet policy. The author stated that by the early 1990s, the majority of the Soviet mass media became friendly toward Israel while former warmth toward the Arabs, including the Palestinians, was fading away. Simultaneously, Vasiliev correctly pointed out that Russian nationalist press intensified its hostility vis-a-vis Israel and Zionism.2 Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in March 1985. It was the time when Moscow openly criticized the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) leadership for accepting the Amman Accords signed on February 11, 1985 by Chairman Yassir `Arafat and Jordanian King Hussayn. The Soviet Union disapproved of the fact that the agreement endorsed the idea of a joined Jordanian-Palestinian federation instead of an independent Palestinian state. What was the Palestinians' and other Arabs' reaction to these events? Did they change or modify their views on the Soviet role in the Palestine conflict? In July 1985, in an interview with an Egyptian weekly magazine, `Arafat said that Palestinian-Soviet relations remained friendly, although a special emerged between the USSR and the Palestinians in regard to the above-mentioned Jordanian-- Palestinian agreement. The reporter asked `Arafat: Was this score the reason for the Soviet refusal to receive a joint Jordanian-Palestinian delegation? `Arafat replied: Yes, they did not receive the delegation, but they received the ministers separately. …" @default.
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• W159603352 date "2002-10-01" @default.
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• W159603352 title "Arab Views of Soviet Policy in the Era of Glasnost, 1985-1991" @default.
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