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• W1596352918 endingPage "30" @default.
• W1596352918 startingPage "1" @default.
• W1596352918 abstract "Abstract Inorganic solid fluorides and fluorometalates play a unique role in inorganic chemistry. The preparation, mostly using aqueous or anhydrous HF ( aHF ) or even elemental F 2 , requires special conditions: no glass or silicate‐containing vessels can be used. Their structural chemistry is governed by the outsider role of the fluoride anion. It is the smallest and least polarizable anion, and mainly, its ionic compounds follow the rules of hard spheres packing better than any other class of substances. Nearly, all metal ions except those with the largest ionic radii form fluoride structures with octahedral [M n + F 6 ] (6– n ) – units. If the metal:fluorine ratio is less than six, these octahedra share common vertices or, in rare cases, edges or even faces to account for electroneutrality, the more the lower the oxidation state of the metal. In this way, a variety of 1D chain, 2D net, and 3D framework structures are formed, which can be classified into a few large structure families. In binary fluorides, for example, VF 5 has an octahedral cis ‐chain structure, VF 4 a layer structure based on a square net of corner‐connected octahedra, VF 3 an ReO 3 ‐related 3D structure with all corners of octahedra connected, and VF 2 the rutile‐type structure with partial edge‐sharing of octahedra. In ternary or quaternary compounds, for example, alkali or alkaline earth fluorometalates, the same principles are valid for the anionic substructure while the countercations fill interstices and stabilize at the same time the structure. The main structure families are grouped according to the basic principles of octahedral nets. These are the ReO 3 ‐related trifluorides, the fluoride perovskites AMF 3 , their relatives elpasolites A 2 A′ MF 6 , and cryolites A 3 MF 6 , as well as some layer structures with square nets. A second large family is based on mixed octahedral nets including triple units: it includes, for example, the pyrochlores, the weberites, the hexagonal and tetragonal tungsten bronze structures, and some derivable layer structures. Recent developments deal with “tailoring” of low dimensional or framework structures using “soft‐chemistry” methods. The relatively simple structural chemistry of fluorides invoked their use as model systems, for instance, for the investigation of electronic effects such as Jahn–Teller ordering or for magnetic investigations. Besides the cryolite Na 3 AlF 6 used in Al production, some fluorides are of technical interest owing to their special optical properties (e.g., laser optics and fluoride glasses), their ability for fluoride ion conductivity, or their role as catalysts for fluorinations or halogen exchange in organic systems." @default.
• W1596352918 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1596352918 creator A5020065384 @default.
• W1596352918 creator A5023798846 @default.
• W1596352918 creator A5047652345 @default.
• W1596352918 date "2014-06-16" @default.
• W1596352918 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W1596352918 title "Fluorides: Solid-State Chemistry" @default.
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