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• W1597712306 abstract "Modern stepped spillways are typically designed for large discharge capacities corresponding to a skimming flow regime. Skimming flows are characterised by large amounts of entrained air and very-strong interactions between main stream turbulence, step cavity recirculation and free-surface. The present study is focused on new measurements of air-water turbulent time and length scales in air-water flow using several phase-detection intrusive probes. A new signal processing method and some correlation analyses were developed and applied. The air water flow properties presented basic characteristics that were qualitatively and quantitatively comparable to previous studies in skimming flows. Some self-similarity was observed systematically at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. This included the distributions of void fraction, bubble count rate, interfacial velocity and turbulence level at a macroscopic scale, and the bubble/droplet chord distributions, and the auto- and cross-correlation functions at a microscopic level. Self-similarity is closely linked with dynamic similarity, and present results demonstrated a number of self-similar relationships that remain invariant under changes of scale which led in turn to remarkable application at prototype scales. The present findings are significant because they provide a picture general enough to be used as a first approximation to characterise the air-water flow field in similar stepped spillway structures. The correlation analyses yielded a characterisation of the large eddies advecting the bubbles. The basic results included the transverse and streamwise integral turbulent length scales, the transverse and streamwise integral turbulent time scales, and the advection length scale. The turbulent length scales characterised a measure of the size of large vortical structures advecting air bubbles in the skimming flows. Both streamwise and transverse air-water length scales were closely related to the characteristic air-water depth Y90 : i.e., Lxy/Y90 = 0.05 to 0.2. The result was irrespective of the Reynolds numbers within the range of the experiments. Detailed measurements in the spray region highlighted the existence of an upper spray region for C > 0.95 to 0.97. In this upper spray, the distributions of droplet chord sizes and the distributions of advection length scales presented some marked difference with the rest of the flow. It is suggested that this highlighted a change in spray structure, where the upper spray region consisted primarily of ejected droplets interacting little with the rest of the flow until they re-attached." @default.
• W1597712306 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1597712306 creator A5035893605 @default.
• W1597712306 creator A5053546287 @default.
• W1597712306 date "2006-07-01" @default.
• W1597712306 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W1597712306 title "Air-Water Time and Length Scales in Skimming Flows on a Stepped Spillway: Application to the Spray Characterisation" @default.
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• W1597712306 doi "https://doi.org/10.14264/7903" @default.
• W1597712306 hasPublicationYear "2006" @default.
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