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• W1598495299 abstract "The history of post-polymerization modification, also known as polymer analogous modification, is arguably as long as the history of polymer science. As early as 1840, Hancock and Ludersdorf independently reported the transformation of natural rubber into a tough and elastic material on treatment with sulfur [1]. In 1847, Schonbein exposed cellulose to nitric acid and obtained nitrocellulose [2], which was later employed as an explosive. In 1865, Schutzenberger prepared cellulose acetate by heating cellulose in a sealed tube with acetic anhydride. The resulting material has found widespread use as photographic film, artificial silk, and membrane material, among others [3]. Although the post-polymerization modification of these natural polymers was widely used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the nature of these materials and their modification reactions were only poorly understood. This comes as no surprise, as it was at the same time that Staudinger [4], one of the pioneers of modern polymer science, was struggling to gain acceptance for the notion of the existence of macromolecules. Staudinger [5] also coined the term polymer analogous reaction and studied these reactions as an attractive approach to fabricate functional materials. The general acceptance of the concept of macromolecules also marked the beginning of an increased use of post-polymerization modification reactions to engineer synthetic polymers. Serniuk et al. [6] reported the functionalization of butadiene polymers with aliphatic thiols via thiol–ene addition in 1948. Chlorinated polystyrene–divinylbenzene beads were first used in the 1950s as ion exchange resins [7] and later by Merrifield to develop solid-state peptide synthesis [8]. The modification of halogenated or lithiated poly(meth)acrylates was first investigated in the early 1960s [9, 10] and followed by Iwakura’s studies on the post-polymerization modification of polymers bearing pendant epoxide groups [11–13]. Although many of the early developments in polymer science can be attributed to the utilization of post-polymerization modifications, the variety of chemical reactions that was available for post-polymerization modification was relatively limited (Figure 1.1). This, however, rapidly changed in the early 1990s with the emergence" @default.
• W1598495299 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1598495299 creator A5060049446 @default.
• W1598495299 creator A5062572308 @default.
• W1598495299 creator A5074095330 @default.
• W1598495299 date "2012-10-24" @default.
• W1598495299 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
• W1598495299 title "History of Post‐Polymerization Modification" @default.
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