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- W1598897702 abstract "This chapter discusses the evolutionary origin of the mitochondria. Most prokaryotes and essentially all eukaryotes are adapted to life in the presence of free oxygen. The two fundamental biochemical adaptations for such life are the possession of two enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, which protect cellular components from autooxidation, and an electron transport system that allows cells to use atmospheric oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor for energy yielding biochemical oxidations. Evolutionary rates of amino acid or nucleotide substitution have been computed for several macromolecules. Such rates are generally quite constant for any particular molecular phylogeny. This has been illustrated by Dickerson, who correlated sequence changes in cytochromes from diverse organisms with absolute times of phylogenetic divergence obtained from classic paleontological data. According to the symbiotic model, eukaryotic cytoplasm should show evidence of a fundamentally anaerobic nature, since the anaerobic protoeukaryote acquired its oxygen-mediating systems from the aerobic symbiont. Mitochondria contain their own genetic system. This is composed of a specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as well as the means for its replication and, at least potentially, expression. Thus the organelles possess a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and a system for protein synthesis, consisting of ribosomes, mRNA(s), tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA ligases, and the three classes of protein factors (initiation, elongation, and termination factors) required for its function." @default.
- W1598897702 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1598897702 creator A5006989774 @default.
- W1598897702 creator A5091260072 @default.
- W1598897702 date "1976-01-01" @default.
- W1598897702 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
- W1598897702 title "The Evolutionary Origin of the Mitochondrion: A Nonsymbiotic Model" @default.
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