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- W159968012 abstract "The main patterns of childbearing in developed countries since the 1950s are reviewed. After a period of decline in the earlier part of the century, fertility rose to a peak around 1960 before falling substantially until the late 1970s, since when fertility in some countries have stabilized or risen slightly, whereas in others it has continued to decline. Most of the change since 1950 has been due to changes in the timing of births, but even after allowing for this, a substantial decline in fertility is also observed. The theories that have been put forward to explain these movement are considered, especially in relation to the possibility of empirically establishing the validity of competing explanations. The relationship across countries with labor market factors such as unemployment and female labor force participation is relatively weak, and in recent years there is a clear positive relationship between childbearing and women's work outside the home. In contrast, in the 1960s there was a negative relationship that was in conformity with microeconomic explanations of fertility. The introduction of improved method of family limitation, such as the contraceptive pill, IUD, and easier access to induced abortion has had a substantial impact on fertility, although it is difficult to combine such information with approaches using labor market data. The introduction of the idea of a ‘Second Demographic Transition’ leads to a wider and richer set of potential explanations. However, the difficulty of obtaining comprehensive information on the various influences on childbearing means that a full explanation of the determinants of childbearing trends and differentials between subpopulations remains elusive." @default.
- W159968012 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W159968012 date "2001-01-01" @default.
- W159968012 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W159968012 title "Family Theory and the Realities of Childbearing Behavior" @default.
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- W159968012 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/02172-0" @default.
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