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- W160092159 abstract "Alcohol is the most common toxicant humans deliberately expose themselves to. Gestational exposure to alcohol causes lifelong neurodevelopmental deficits collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). In the United States, FASDs are estimated to affect 10/1000 live births. No period in pregnancy or early postnatal development is immune to alcohol’s damage. Alcohol alters multiple events in neural development including proliferation, migration, synaptogenesis, and cell death. Alcohol has promiscuous activity on multiple proteins through interactions with specific binding sites. Recent research has significantly advanced our understanding of how alcohol causes neuronal death. The precise target and mechanism of action are determined by the cell type involved and its differentiation state. Some of the best documented mechanisms of alcohol-induced cell death are reviewed here. These include disruptions of the cell adhesion molecule L1, induction of calcium transients and suppressed nuclear β-catenin, dysregulation of nitric oxide-mediated signaling, and inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Interestingly, several of these pathways converge on the regulation of the neuroprotective signal Akt, suggesting that it may be a central effector in the sensitivity or resistance to ethanol-mediated cell death. Due to alcohol’s addictive properties, there is increased attention upon clinical interventions that ameliorate or repair alcohol’s neurodevelopmental damage. Some of the most promising include small peptide neurotrophins, choline supplementation, modulation of NMDAR activity, and maternal iron status. This improved understanding of alcohol’s neurotoxicity contributes to better diagnosis and treatment of those with FASD, with the goal of reducing the emotional and financial burdens of this common neurodevelopmental disorder." @default.
- W160092159 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W160092159 creator A5042319569 @default.
- W160092159 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W160092159 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W160092159 title "Alcohol and Cell Death" @default.
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