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- W160168494 abstract "Keywords Owen.Huxley.Philosophy of science.Ape brain debate.Humanistic perspectiveIn the years immediately following the 1859 publication ofDarwin’s Origin of Species (Darwin 1859), a disagreementover man’s place in nature and his relationship to the greatapes was debated between two iconic nineteenth-centuryscientists, Richard Owen and Thomas Henry Huxley.Though many readers will likely be familiar with the clashbetween Darwin’s critics and defenders such as Huxley,who was famously sharpening his claws and beak inreadiness, few are likely to be as conversant with thehistory and philosophy underlying the arguments. Christo-pher E. Cosans’ Owen’s Ape and Darwin’s Bulldog: BeyondDarwinism and Creationism was published on the 150thanniversary of Mr. Darwin’s Origin and tells a detailedstory of the historical, philosophical, economic, and culturalstage upon which the “ape brain debate” between Owenand Huxley ensued.Similar to both Huxley and Owen, Christopher Cosanshas a firsthand perspective of the importance of anatomicaldissection and its place in the study of the relationshipsbetween organisms; in fact he has gone so far as toreproduce the dissections that originally demonstrated theanatomical structures central to the ape brain debate. It islaudable that a philosopher of science is so well versed inthe skills of the “dirty dissecting theatre.” Ultimately,Cosans leads the reader through a maze of philosophicalterminology and concepts all the while using the Huxley–Owen debate as a vehicle to demonstrate the differencesbetween scientific materialism and the humanistic realistperspective and how they relate to modern science, ethics,and society.Cosans begins by taking the reader on a journeythrough nineteenth-century Western philosophy of sci-ence with the parable of the “hippopotamus major” inCharles Kingsley’s The Water-Babies (Kingsley 1863)asa tool to explain the differences between scientific andhumanistic thinking, which in the end is the central themeof Owen’sApe.In the first half of the book (chapters 2–4) the reader isimmersed in the philosophical ideas that surround theanatomical discussions regarding the similarities and differ-ences in the brains of ape and man. The anatomicalobservations that Owen published prior to Darwin’s Originhighlight features that differentiate man from ape, placinghim in a subclass of mammal well removed from an apeancestor. In these chapters Cosans counters social construc-tivism critiques that suggest Owen’s views were inopposition to social reform, exemplified primarily in theworks of Adrian Desmond (1986, 1992). All the whileCosans clearly demonstrates how Owen dealt with the issueof race by using non-European specimens such as thecrania of Papuans to typify man, providing strong support“that the difference between Papuan and adult ape skullsovershadows any difference between Papuans and Euro-peans” (pg. 52). Considering the broader context of hownineteenth-century biologists viewed the human races,Cosans summarizes Owen’s view “that, compared to apes," @default.
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- W160168494 date "2010-05-08" @default.
- W160168494 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
- W160168494 title "A Bulldog of Your Owen: The Philosophies Behind the Huxley–Owen Debate" @default.
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- W160168494 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12052-010-0228-y" @default.
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