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• W1603051569 abstract "Previous investigations have shown that MK~801, a non...competitive N~methyl­ D~aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, produced anterograde amnesia (AA) at doses that did notimpairper~ formance processes necessary for learning to occur. Furthermore, MK~80 1 did not produce retrograde amnesia (RA). Using active avoidance conditioning as the learning paradigm and a 2x2 factorial design, thepresent studyexamined whether MK-801 produced statedependent learning (SDL) resulting in AA. Our results showed thatMK~801 didnotproduce SDL. This suggested thatAA produced by MK-801 cannot be due to SDL. These results combined with previous findings suggest thatMK-801 specifically impaired learning processes. Background of the Present Study Long Term Potentiation an activity-induced increase in the production of has been conto be a correlate of lC.rl,..·Y'1Y'rT and Kehl, 1990). 1Y''7C.Ct'1rTrl't1Atl' of C.'<TI1trit',·,r receptors, as well as sion, has indicated that induction of LTP may be mediated by postsynaptic receptors that are selectively sensitive to N-methly-D~aspartate (NMDA). Administration of noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine meleate (MK-801) has been shown to block NMDA receptors and inhibit the induction, but not maintenance, of LTP (Gilbert & Mack, 1990; Muller, joly, & Lynch, 1998). Certain forms of associative learning are inhibited by the administration of NMDAreceptor antagonist Aminophos-phonopentanic acid (AP5) and MK-801. AP5 and MK~801 had been shown to impair learning of a simple lever-press to obtain food (Kelly; Smith-Roe, & Holahan, 1997), classical conditioning (Murphy Glanzman, 1997), and learning in the Morris swim maze in a dose dependent manner (Keith & Galizio, 1997). In previous experiments to assess the effectsof AAproduced by MK...80 1, the drug was administered before the training session but not the testing session. One anticipated problem with this design was that the AAproduced by the drug MK801 could reflect SDLas opposed to a disruption of learning. To address this problem the current research investigated whether retention in the testing session varied with the presence or absence of MK-801 using a 2x2 factorial design. Materials and Methods Subjects and Experimental drugs The experimental animals were goldfish (Carassius auratus L). The goldfish were 8-10 em in length and obtained from Natick, MA) was in 10 microliters of water and administered intracranially; over the midbrain, with the aid of a 30 gauge needle and a 100 micro-liter Hamilton syringe. Apparatus Fish were trained and tested separately in four identical fish shuttle-boxes (figure 1). The fish shuttle-box consisted of a waterfilled tank (41 x 20.5 x 10.5 em) which is separated into two equal compartments by a non-transparent barrier. A rectangular opening (8 x 2.5 em) in the barrier allowed fish to swim freely from one side of the tank to the other. Four infrared light beams monitored the crossing moment of fish. The four infrared lights are connected to their corresponding detectors located on the long sides of the tank. There is a light bulb at each end of the tank and four stainless steel electrode plates (18 x 19.5 em) at the top and bot-tom of the tank. Fish were placed in the shuttle-boxes for 5 minutes, and then a trial began with the onset of the light on the side of the tank where the fish was located. After the light was on for 20 seconds, a repetitive mild electrical shock was administered for 20 seconds through the water by means of the electrodes. At the end of 40 seconds or upon a crossing response by fish during the 40 seconds, the trial ended. After an intertrial interval (ITI) ranging from 25-55 seconds, another trial began. Fish initially swam through the opening only after receiving several shocks. The crossing response GVSU McNair ScholarsJournal VOLUME 2. 1997-1998 35 following the onset of both a light signal accompanied by an electrical shock to escape the electrical bodyshock is known as an escape response. During the training session, fish gradually learned to swim from the lighted end of the tank to the dark end to avoid an bodyshock, following the onset of the signal but before the onset of shock to avoid the electrical bodyshock is known as an avoidance response. A few days later, fish were tested. A training session consisted of 20 trials, and the testing session consisted of 10 trials. The measurements were the number of avoidance, escape, and ITI crossing responses. An experiments were fully automated through the Smart Control and a single 486 computer that programmed stimuli, monitored and recorded the behavior of fish. Fish that showed ITI crossing 25 % or less during training sessions were retained in the study: Percentage of avoidance responses were used as an indicator of learning." @default.
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• W1603051569 date "1998-01-01" @default.
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• W1603051569 title "Nmda Receptor Antagonist Mk801 Did Not Produce State-Dependent Learning In Goldfish" @default.
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