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- W1604865102 abstract "The ionosphere is a layer of the Earth’s upper atmosphere comprising high concentration of electrons and ions, mostly caused by the solar radiation producing free electrons from the existing atmospheric gases. It extends from 50 km to more than 1000 km altitude. Although solar radiation is stronger at higher altitude but there are very few gaseous atoms at this height; hence the ionization is sparse. The ionospheric properties such as electron density, ion and electron temperatures, ionospheric composition, and dynamics vary with altitude, latitude, longitude, local time, season, solar cycle, as well as magnetic activity. Ionization changes at the equatorial and polar regions are known to be high compared to relatively moderate changes in the mid-latitude region. The variability of the equatorial and low latitude ionosphere is due to the large-scale electrodynamics associated with the equatorial electrojet (EEJ), plasma fountain, equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), equatorial wind, and temperature anomaly etc. The EEJ refers to an enhanced daytime eastward electric current in the E region due to a strong vertical polarization electric field developed in a latitude band of ±3 about the dip equator. This eastward electric field at the dip equator gets mapped onto F region through the (E × B) drift, lifting the plasma to higher altitudes. The uplifted plasma diffuses down along magnetic field lines into both hemispheres creating two crests of plasma, one in each hemisphere (EIA generation). The overall process is called as the fountain effect [2]. The EIA can be described by a trough (minimum) in the ionization densities around the dip equator and a crest (maximum) around ±15 magnetic latitude on each hemisphere. The EIA intensity on a day and its latitude of crest development explicitly depends on the EEJ strength at the equator. Hence, there is strong EIA on a day with strong EEJ, less prominent EIA on a day when CEJ develops, and even absence of EIA crest during certain severe geomagnetic disturbances [19]. All these unique features at the equatorial and low latitude ionosphere are due to the perfect horizontal alignment of the geomagnetic field" @default.
- W1604865102 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1604865102 date "2015-03-11" @default.
- W1604865102 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1604865102 title "Ionospheric TEC Variations at low Latitude Indian Region" @default.
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- W1604865102 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/59988" @default.
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