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• W1609003046 abstract "Abstract Stabilized zirconia (ZrO 2 ) is recognized as the major candidate for the electrolyte material of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) owing to its high ionic conductivity and chemical stability. The ionic conductivity originates from the oxygen vacancies introduced by doping 2+ or 3+ valence cations on the Zr 4+ site. The conductivity shows the maximum at a certain dopant concentration. Although stabilized zirconia is a dominantly ionic conductor, electronic conductivity is not completely zero. Taking into account both the ionic and the electronic conductivities, the optimum electrolyte thickness is calculated to be 10–100 µm when the current density of 0.1–1 A cm −2 is generated at 1000 °C. Electrode materials should have high catalytic activity, high electronic conductivity, and high chemical and morphological stability. Currently, (La,Sr)MnO 3 and Ni–YSZ cermet are the most popular cathode and anode, respectively. The crystal lattice of (La,Sr)MnO 3 has a distorted perovskite type structure. The symmetry varies with oxygen partial pressure and temperature. Electrical conductivity of La 1− x Sr x MnO 3 (x = 0–0.4) ranges from 100 to 300 S cm −1 at 1000 °C in air. Oxygen diffusion coefficient is 10 −12 cm 2 s −1 , which is not enough to supply oxygen via the electrode bulk diffusion. Although catalytic activity is lower than a mixed conductor oxides such as (La,Sr)CoO 3 , (La,Sr)MnO 3 has higher compatibility with YSZ electrolyte. Nickel is a superior catalyst for the electrochemical and chemical reactions when hydrogen or hydrocarbon gases are used as the fuel. The problem with the nickel anode is its morphological instability and thermal expansion mismatch with YSZ. Thus, nickel powders are used in a form of Ni–YSZ cermet. Electrical conductivity of the cermet electrode varies drastically around the percolation threshold. The optimum nickel content is around 40 vol%. Electrode reaction kinetics has been investigated intensively for the cathode and the anode. The major origin of the electrode overvoltage is assumed to be the shift of oxygen potential at the electrode/electrolyte contact, which is caused by the formation of oxygen potential gap or gradient to promote the rate limiting reactions. The current–voltage relationship and the electrochemical impedances are well explained under the assumption, and the reaction models were developed by the reaction order analyses." @default.
• W1609003046 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1609003046 date "2010-12-15" @default.
• W1609003046 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W1609003046 title "Current electrolytes and catalysts" @default.
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• W1609003046 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470974001.f307080" @default.
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