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• W1609318349 abstract "Introduction: Raman Spectroscopy and LIBS, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, are highly complimentary techniques being developed to remotely probe the surface of geological samples. Raman spectroscopy uses either a CW or a pulse visible laser of modest average power (100-700 mW/cm) to identify the molecular fingerprints of the sample from its Raman spectrum [1]. For the CW-laser based remote Raman system, there are two significant issues: interference of the high ambient light background during the day, and long-lived fluorescence with the Raman spectra of the sample [2]. However, utilizing a pulsed laser system and gated receiver overcomes those limitations. Pulsed Raman spectroscopy offers two important benefits: the ability to discriminate against (a) unwanted ambient light, and (b) long-lived fluorescence emission from the sample. In the past, pulsed Raman spectroscopy has been used for measuring high quality Raman spectra of minerals at high temperatures and for investigating phase transitions at high temperature and anharmonicity of various vibrational modes [3]. In general, LIBS uses a pulsed 1064 nm laser of high peak power (>1 GW/cm) for ablating material from the surface of the sample to probe the elemental composition [4,5]. For space applications, we previously demonstrated a combined remote Raman and LIBS system. This system used a single pulsed laser operating at dual wavelengths of 1064 nm and 532 nm for exciting both the Raman and LIBS spectra of minerals by adjusting the laser power electronically [6]. In this work, we have developed an integrated remote Raman and LIBS system for measuring both the Raman and LIBS spectra with a single 532 nm laser line of 35 mJ/pulse and 20 Hz. The system can also be reconfigurated to perform micro-Raman and micro LIBS analysis which have applications in trace/residue analysis and can analyze very small samples in nano gram amounts. Experimental Setup: Figure 1 depicts a schematic diagram of a combined Raman spectroscopy and LIBS system. The integrated remote Raman and LIBS systems use the following common components: (i) a telescope (Meade LX200R Advanced RitcheyChretien, 203 mm clear aperture, f/10); (ii) a frequency doubled mini Nd:YAG laser source (Model ULTRA CFR, Big Sky Laser, 532 nm, 20 Hz) (iii) a 10x beam expander (iv) an intensified CCD detector (Princeton Instruments, PI-MAX); and (v) Kaiser spectrograph. The 532 nm pulsed laser beam was focused to a 300 μm diameter spot on the target 9 m away with a 10x beam expander. For Raman measurements the laser power at 532 nm was electronically adjusted to 25 mJ/pulse, and for combined LIBS and Raman measurements the laser power was increased to 35 mJ/pulse. For the combined Raman and LIBS measurements," @default.
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• W1609318349 date "2008-03-01" @default.
• W1609318349 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1609318349 title "Integrated Remote Raman and LIBS Instrument with 532 nm Laser Excitation for Characterizing Minerals at 9 M" @default.
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