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• W160957662 abstract "Little research has been done into the performance of male and female pilots and how they are selected. This is an important omission because an increasing number of women are applying to be commercial pilots and effective selection methods can screen out unsuitable candidates in advance. This study thus analyzes whether differences exist between males and females in their performance, as perceived by managers, and the procedures and criteria used in the selection of male and female pilots. To examine these questions 36 semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers at 6 Taiwanese airlines. The results of the interviews revealed no perceived performance differences in operations by male and female pilots. They also showed that female and male pilots were chosen according to the same selection criteria and procedures. Finally, the interviews indicated similar selection criteria and procedures were followed by the major Taiwanese airlines when choosing commercial pilots whether they were males or females. 1. Introduction Probably because of stereotypes held against women, especially as nurturers of children, they have typically encountered employment barriers, especially in jobs traditionally done by men, such as airline pilots. While some studies have found differences in males and females in characteristics relevant to flying success, few studies have considered the actual performances of men compared to women as pilots. To help remedy this deficiency, this study examines managers' perceptions of males and females as pilots and reviews the selection criteria and procedures used to select them. During the last decade, the number of women involved in aviation has steadily increased. The reasons for such increases in countries such as Taiwan are government policy allowing females to fly in the military, equal opportunity employment legislation and changing attitudes towards women as employees.. However, compared to male pilots, the number of female pilots remains small. In the United States in 1990,5,210 (3.48%) of commercial pilots were female; in 2001, 5,932 (4.92%) were female, hardly any increase over a ten-year period. The percentage of women in the United States who have dual pilot certificates (Student, Private, Commercial, Airline Transport, Flight instructor) was no more than 6.81 % in 2001. Like the United States, in Taiwan, male pilots have also monopolized the aviation industry. From 1991 to 2004, there are no more than twenty female pilots serving in Taiwanese airlines. 2. Literature Review Given these considerations, it is important to explore male-female differences that may affect flying performance. Lyons (1992) reviewed that the physical, physiological, and psychological differences between males and females that may affect their ability to endure the stresses of flying as pilots. He found that there was some research that showed differences between males and females in verbal, quantitative and spatialvisual abilities relevant to flying success (e.g., Halpern, 1986; Blough and Slaavin, 1987; Bryden et al., 1990; Mair and Jessel, 1991), with nudes having better relevant visual-spatial skills than females, and females better verbal skills than males. However, growing evidence suggests that gender differences in this respect are relatively small and have been diminishing over the last decade (Kimball, 1981; Caplan et al., 1985; Feingold, 1988; Lyons, 1992). For years, psychology tests were widely used in pilot selection, especially tools such as personality assessment tests using standardized questionnaires (e.g. 16PF, NEO, OPQ, PCT, TSS), graphology and more clinical-orientated methods (e.g. MPI) (Homan, 1998). Modem pilot selection batteries, however, are not restricted solely to personality tests or tests of motor skills, but have included other areas or domains. For example, selection of inexperienced student pilots employs a variety of tests, covering such things as mechanical comprehension and technical knowledge, number facility and numerical reasoning, short-term memory for auditory and visual information, speed of perception, attention control, spatial orientation, choice reaction time, psychomotor coordination and multi-task capability (Homan, 1998). …" @default.
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• W160957662 date "2006-12-01" @default.
• W160957662 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W160957662 title "A Survey of Selection Practices for Male and Female Pilots among Taiwanese Airlines" @default.
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