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- W1613144414 abstract "The evolution of a natural system that is subject to anthropic pressure is well described by the DPSIR framework, proposed by the European Environmental Agency (EEA) and reproduced in this chapter. The drivers generate pressures that change the state of the system. This variation produces impacts on society, which reacts by devising and implementing responses, which can be directed at the drivers, as well as the pressures, the state or the impacts themselves. This chapter gives an example to clarify the framework: consider an enchanting lake, surrounded by fields, forests, a fishing village and a few small hotels, the drivers are the agricultural, industrial, and domestic practices. They produce a flow (pressure) of nitrogenous substances that reaches the lake, through agricultural land run off, or through direct or indirect discharge from the sewage system. It follows that there is an increase in the trophic level of the lake, which induces algal blooms, anoxic conditions and mass fish death, and so, a variation in the state of the lake. In this way two impacts are produced: a reduction in fishing activity and a loss of the lake's appeal to tourists. To respond to the fishermen's and hotel-keepers' discontent, the environmental agency (ea) must design an intervention (response). It can choose among different forms: issue a regulation regarding the use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture, create a stage for the removal of phosphorous in the treatment plant that purifies the sewage prior to discharge, collect the algae when necessary or inject oxygen at a certain depth to prevent lake waters from becoming anoxic, or simply introduce a monetary compensation for the damage." @default.
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- W1613144414 date "2007-01-01" @default.
- W1613144414 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
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- W1613144414 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1574-101x(07)01101-5" @default.
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