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- W1615984958 abstract "Photoemission measurements using synchrotron radiation and x-ray photons [x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS)] have been performed on PbTe(111) and ${mathrm{Pb}}_{1mathrm{ensuremath{-}}mathit{x}}$${mathrm{Eu}}_{mathit{x}}$Te(111) samples with different relative Eu content x. XPS studies of the stoichiometry of the samples showed a strong influence of the surface cleaning procedure involving ion bombardment and annealing on the Eu content. The partial valence-band spectra of Eu in ${mathrm{Pb}}_{1mathrm{ensuremath{-}}mathit{x}}$${mathrm{Eu}}_{mathit{x}}$Te have been studied by exploiting the resonant enhancement of the photoemission cross section of the Eu 4f-derived states at the 4d-4f excitation threshold. The major Eu 4f contributions are found at 1.6 eV below the valence-band maximum, which is on resonance at 140.1 eV, and at 7.3 and 10.5 eV binding energy with a complex resonance structure with maxima at 137.1, 143, and 150 eV. From a detailed analysis of the structure of the resonances as obtained by constant-initial-state spectroscopy and comparison with data for other Eu compounds we conclude that Eu is present in the trivalent as well as the divalent state in ${mathrm{Pb}}_{1mathrm{ensuremath{-}}mathrm{x}}$${mathrm{Eu}}_{mathit{x}}$Te. The relative amount of Eu ions in the divalent or trivalent state is found to depend on the Eu content x. Angle-resolved spectra in off-normal directions give a strong indication for ascribing the valence change to a surface effect. textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society." @default.
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- W1615984958 date "1996-02-15" @default.
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- W1615984958 title "Resonant photoemission studies ofPb1−xEuxTe" @default.
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- W1615984958 doi "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.53.4534" @default.
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