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• W1616282676 abstract "Americans, it seems, have an abiding faith in the power of science and technology to remedy environmental degradation. Take, for example, the nation's war on lake eutrophica tion. This federally funded effort sprang from the belief that a massive lake-restoration program could erase the damage inflicted on the nation's lakes by decades of abuse and mismanagement. Many millions of dollars and many years later, it appears that this faith was sadly misplaced. More than 20 years ago, in American Scientist's Marginalia department (May-June 1973), Yale University professor G. Evelyn Hutchinson ex? pounded on the subject of lake eutrophication, the process by which lakes deteriorate as they be? come increasingly productive with age. Referring to eutrophication as a contemporary practical problem, Hutchinson explained how all lakes evolve naturally in a manner corresponding to ecological succession. Newborn lakes are typical? ly oligotrophic?deep, clean and unproductive. As lakes mature, however, they become more eu trophic. A eutrophic lake is typically shallow? the result of long-term sedimentation?and in? fested with aquatic vegetation, including rooted plants and phytoplankton. People accelerate eutrophication by polluting lakes with sewage, fertilizers and other materials enriched with nitrogen and phosphorus, which stimulate excessive vegetative growth. Deforesta? tion, road construction, real-estate development, agriculture and other cultural disturbances in wa? tersheds are major sources of sediment. Thus eu? trophication can proceed at a natural rate or be cul? turally accelerated; either way the process is more or less continuous and irreversible. Bogs, swamps and marshes?the climax stage of eutrophication?are often sites of former lakes that are nearly extinct. Ironically, just as Professor Hutchinson, the world's most renowned limnologist, was inform? ing the scientific community and others about the inevitable nature of lake eutrophication, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was em? barking on an ambitious project to halt eutrophi? cation and restore highly eutrophic lakes to pris? tine conditions. The Clean Lakes Program, authorized under the Clean Water Act of 1972, proceeded to fund lake-restoration projects in 1976. By 1993, EPA had awarded grants totaling about $150 million and had spent hundreds of millions of additional dollars administering the program. Thousands of first-rate scientists and engineers participated in countless limnological studies and lake-cleanup efforts nationwide. Congressional funding for the program was slashed almost to zero in fiscal year 1995, and the future of Clean Lakes along with other EPA pro? grams is in doubt in the current political climate. Many, many lakes are in urgent need of help. But perhaps not the sort of help that came from the Clean Lakes Program. Unfortunately, this heroic effort may have cost us the opportunity to pro? tect and improve lakes that can be saved." @default.
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• W1616282676 date "1996-01-01" @default.
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• W1616282676 title "Curing the Incurable" @default.
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