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• W1618587788 abstract "Introduction: The rapid rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations is altering the biogeochemical cycling of carbon at EarthOs surface. Previous experiments demonstrated that plants grown under elevated CO2 conditions had increased levels of photosynthesis, root production, respiration, and below-ground biomass [1]. Associated increases in soil respired CO2 may enhance chemical weathering of associated minerals and sequester carbon in regional groundwater systems. The soil water and gas chemical compositions of two natural temperate forested ecosystems (aspen and sugar maple) in the Cheboygan watershed, Northern Michigan are compared with soil water and gas analyses from nearby open-top chamber experiments. Here, aspen and sugar maple trees are grown in different treatments of atmospheric CO2 (ambient and twice-ambient) and soil N availability (low and high). Importantly, these forests grow on thick Pleistocene glacial deposits containing abundant, highly reactive carbonate minerals. The combination of rapid biologic carbon cycling and availability of reactive minerals provides an ideal opportunity to assess the effects of elevated CO2 conditions on near surface environments. Discussion: The principal mechanisms of CO2 production in forest soils are root respiration, microbial respiration, and oxidation of organic matter. The accumulation of CO2 in the vadose zone is influenced by the production rates and several environmental factors such as temperature, soil moisture, and porosity. Since soil gas quickly equilibrates with changes in atmospheric pressure, the mass transport of CO2 via advection is negligible. Therefore, the partial pressure of CO2 in the vadose zone is controlled by soil respiration and diffusion. In temperate forest soils, increased biologic activity in the summer elevates the production of soil CO2 creating a seasonal progression of CO2depth profiles. In the aspen and sugar maple soils, CO2 concentrations increased with depth and reached maximum values (~7,000 ppmv) in August. The dissolution of carbonate minerals is regulated by organic and inorganic acids, and by pCO2 with higher pCO2 values resulting in greater amounts of carbonate dissolution. In addition, carbonate dissolution proceeding under Oopen systemO conditions with an unlimited supply of soil CO2 will dissolve greater amounts of carbonate compared to Oclosed systemO conditions where dissolution is limited by a fixed amount of soil CO2 [2]. Based on a physicochemical model and our measured carbonate parameters (pH, DIC, Ca, Mg, dCDIC), we determined that carbonate dissolution in the glacial drift is occurring under Oopen systemO conditions. The soil water evolution is tracked by the carbon isotope composition of DIC. dC analyses of soil gas CO2 were ~ -22a VPBD, indicative of a manily C3 organic source. In shallow soil waters, soil respired CO2 is the dominant inorganic carbon source resulting in dCDIC values near Ð22a. In addition, the low pH of most shallow soil waters increase the H2CO3 proportion of DIC, resulting in lower d CDIC values due to the H2CO3(aq)-CO2(g) fractionation factor of Ð1.1a. As the water migrates downward through the vadose zone, progressive weathering of Paleozoic carbonates (-0a VPDB) shift the dCDIC to Ð12a, the typical value of regional groundwater [Figure 1]." @default.
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• W1618587788 date "1999-08-01" @default.
• W1618587788 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1618587788 title "The Influence of Soil Respired Carbon Dioxide on Mineral Weathering and Soil Water Geochemistry: Results from Natural and Experimental (Elevated Carbon Dioxide) Temperate Forest Ecosystems" @default.
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