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• W1622010160 abstract "Reviewed by: “Papists” and Prejudice: Popular Anti-Catholicism and Anglo-Irish Conflict in the North East of England, 1845–70 by Jonathan Bush John Wolffe “Papists” and Prejudice: Popular Anti-Catholicism and Anglo-Irish Conflict in the North East of England, 1845–70. By Jonathan Bush. (Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2013. Pp. viii, 274. £44.99; $75.99. ISBN 978-1-4438-4672-1.) Although many aspects of Victorian anti-Catholicism are already well researched, this book offers an important additional dimension through a detailed regional study. It is all the more valuable because it is concerned with a region, County Durham and Tyneside, that has not been seen as a particular hotbed of such attitudes (in contrast to Lancashire or the west of Scotland). On the basis of extensive and meticulous research in local newspapers, archives, and pamphlets, Bush reconstructs a fascinating, hitherto largely unknown, history of local antagonisms. His pioneering work suggests that there still is much to be uncovered through comparable local studies of other parts of the country in the development of a realistic, if disturbing, understanding of cultural, political, and religious divisions in mid-nineteenth-century British society. Bush adopts a thematic approach, with successive chapters focused on the ideology of anti-Catholicism, on responses to the restoration of the Catholic hierarchy in 1850, and on the defense of the “Protestant Constitution.” A particularly innovative chapter explores the links between anti-Catholicism and the assertion of liberty, both at home and abroad, notably in relation to the Italian Risorgimento. The final chapters explore the impact of Irish immigration and the Catholic revival and analyze sectarian violence. Although the thematic structure has considerable merit in enabling Bush clearly to delineate different strands of anti-Catholicism, it does have drawbacks. The interplay between the various elements—for example, between political and religious factors—might have been more purposefully explored, and the overall chronology and ebb and flow of anti-Catholicism across the period as a whole could have been made clearer. The book is, on occasion, slightly marred by distorted representations of the arguments of other scholars. For example, on page 99, Bush suggests that resistance [End Page 385] to Irish disestablishment in the 1860s invalidates this reviewer’s conclusion (in The Protestant Crusade in Great Britain [Oxford, 1991], p. 288) that the rearguard action in defense of an exclusive Protestant constitution effectively ended around 1860. However, as pointed out in Protestant Crusade (pp. 295–96), the political ground had shifted significantly by 1868, and even staunch Protestants recognized that they could not realistically hope to deny any state support for Catholicism in Ireland and maintain the establishment of the Church of Ireland at the same time. From their point of view the cloud of Irish disestablishment had a silver lining insofar as it was accompanied by the ending of the contentious government grant to Maynooth College. However, the conclusion in Protestant Crusade (p. 192)—that Protestant preaching directed to the Catholic poor did not generally provoke large-scale riots—should indeed be modified, as Bush suggests (p. 200), given his material from the northeast. Such specific points serve to point up the importance of constructive interplay between an understanding of the national framework and the rich, detailed analysis of local and regional tensions that Bush develops so effectively. John Wolffe The Open University Milton Keynes, UK Copyright © 2015 The Catholic University of America Press" @default.
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• W1622010160 title "“Papists” and Prejudice: Popular Anti-Catholicism and Anglo-Irish Conflict in the North East of England, 1845–70 by Jonathan Bush" @default.
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