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- W16361829 abstract "To understand the in-pile behavior of a fuel it is very important to have full understanding of its thermodynamic properties and phase diagram of the system. Phase diagram gives the information of the possible phases of the system that will be present under different temperatures and changing compositional conditions existing during fuel burnup. The phase diagram defines the transition temperatures of stable phases and their oxygen solubility limits. Phase diagrams of Th–O, Th–U–O systems, and solidus–liquidus of UO2–ThO2 and PuO2–ThO2 are given in the present chapter. In case of oxide fuels, understanding of oxygen solubility in dioxide phase is very important. This is especially true for thoria-based fuel because of very limited non-stoichiometry in pure thoria; thus, the non-stoichiometry of this fuel is mainly due to added actinide (U/Pu). This in turn affects the oxygen potential of the fuel, which can put a severe constraint during reactor operation, because high oxygen potential of the fuel can oxidize the clad and make it brittle. The oxygen potential of (Th,U)O2+x and (Th,Pu)O2−x systems are discussed here as a function of composition and temperature. Heat capacity is another important thermodynamic parameter that gives information about the heat contained in the reactor at any given time. It also controls the heat transferred from the fuel center to the surface, as thermal conductivity is defined as a product of heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and density (Cp.κ.ρ). Heat capacities of pure oxides and mixed oxides are compared with each other to show the trend. Heat capacity equations as a function of temperature are given for different compositions of (Th,U)O2. Performance of the fuel at very high reactor operation temperatures is related to the partial pressures of actinide-bearing species. These pressures control the actinide redistribution due to the temperature gradient in the reactor and can also result in change in oxygen to metal ratio due to incongruent evaporation. It is also found that the fuels with high actinide vapor pressures show more restructuring, though fuel restructuring is not a simple phenomenon and has many controlling parameters. In this chapter, partial pressures of actinide bearing species over (Th,U)O2 and ThO2−x are discussed as a function of temperature and composition." @default.
- W16361829 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W16361829 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W16361829 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W16361829 title "Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Properties of Thoria, Thoria–Urania, and Thoria–Plutonia" @default.
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- W16361829 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5589-8_3" @default.
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