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- W163669059 abstract "Synapses are essential for information processing in the central nervous system. They consist of a presynaptic part of the sending neuron and a postsynaptic part of the target neuron. Two different principal types of synapses can be differentiated: electrical and chemical. As shown in Figure 13-1, in an electrical synapse there is a direct connection between preand postsynaptic parts via gap junctions. This connection allows a bidirectional current flow. In a chemical synapse, the pre- and postsynaptic parts are separated. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, the presynaptic part is depolarized, giving rise to an augmentation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The calcium ions induce the release of chemical substances (the neurotransmitters), which bind to specific receptors of the postsynaptic membrane. The transmitter-receptor complex leads to an activation of a membrane channel. Thus, the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron is decreased or increased, depending on the actual transmembrane current flow. These membrane potential changes are called postsynaptic potentials. Since chemical synapses are responsible for more complex behavior, they predominate in the mammalian central nervous system (cf. Kandel et al., 1991)." @default.
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- W163669059 date "1993-01-01" @default.
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- W163669059 title "Transmitter Systems in Neo- and Archicortical Structures" @default.
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- W163669059 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0341-4_13" @default.
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