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• W1643659484 abstract "This chapter discusses the difference between the terms “selectivity” and “polarity” in gas chromatography. A polar substance (stationary phase or analyte) possesses a permanent dipole and contains functional groups such as -CN, - CO, -C-O, and -OH. Both the stationary phase and the solutes play roles in “selectivity.” A stationary phase that exhibits high selectivity for one type of solute may exhibit intermediate or low selectivity for solutes with different functional groups. The electrons of an atom or molecule oscillate through several different and distinct positions, each of which is characterized by a particular pattern of electrical asymmetry. Each of the short-lived electronic configurations causes the atom (or molecule) to display an overall instantaneous dipole, which leads to polarization of adjacent atoms or molecules and generates attractive forces among those atoms or molecules (similar to London-Van der Waals forces of attraction). These intermolecular attractions constitute the major part of the total attractive force between a hydrocarbon solute and the stationary phase. The chapter describes various stationary phases that are used in gas chromatography, including polysiloxane phases, polydimethylsiloxane, bonded, crosslinked, and immobilized stationary phases. A poorly deactivated glass or fused silica surface and the free silanol groups that are normally present in the polymers themselves can cause phase deterioration of stationary phase. In the better stationary phase preparations, free silanols have been converted to inactive groups by a process that for the terminal silanols is termed as “end-capping”. Polydimethylsiloxane is relatively apolar; but within limits, polarity and selectivity can be manipulated by substituting other functional groups (for example, phenyl, vinyl, cyanopropyl, or trifluoropropyl) for some of the methyls." @default.
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• W1643659484 date "1997-01-01" @default.
• W1643659484 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1643659484 title "THE STATIONARY PHASE" @default.
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• W1643659484 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012384357-9/50005-2" @default.
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