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• W1644653359 abstract "Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. (common dodder) has been found growing in a limestone pavement habitat in the Burren Lowlands (H9) in County Clare, westem Ireland. The species is relatively rare in Ireland and is confined to sixteen coastal vice-counties. On limestone pavement Cuscuta is found in vegetation belonging to the Asperulo-Seslenietum, an association assigned to the chalk grassland class Festuco-Brometea. The vegetation of the limestone pavement habitat is compared with mature dune grassland at Fanore, also in the Burren region, where extensive populations of Cuscuta occur in vegetation assigned to the Camptothecio-Asperuletum, another association belonging to the same class. While there are species differences between the communities in these contrasting habitats, there is considerable flonistic overlap. Cuscuta epithymum is catholic in its selection of host plants at these sites. The hosts common to the two sites include Achillea millefolium, Lotus corniculatus, Thymus praecox, Asperula cynanchica, Tnfolium pratense and Viola species. There are fourteen additional hosts on the limestone pavement, and fifteen confined to the mature dune grassland site. Despite the catholicity of host selection, the ranrty of Cuscuta in Ireland suggests that establishment is a critical determinant of the species' distribution, and depends on the initial infection of a primary host in an appropriate habitat with suitable environmental conditions. G. J. Doyle, Department of INTRODUCTION Botany, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Parasitic Cusctita epithymum (L.) L. (common Ireland. dodder) is, in Ireland, confined to coastal regions: the plant is now recorded in sixteen vice-counties (Scannell and Synnott 1987). The species was previously located in Meath (H22) but there are no modem records for the plant in that vice-county. Cuscuta epithymum is widely distributed on the European mainland and in the south-east part of Britain (Fig. 1), but is absent from much of the west and north of Bnrtain and is confined to the southern parts of Fennoscandia (Perring and Walters 1976; Meusel et al. 1978; Hulten and Fries 1986). In north-west Europe, C. epithymum is mainly associated with heathland vegetation belonging to the Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943, par ticularlv the gorse heaths of the Ulicetalia minonrs (Duvign. 1944) Gthu 1973 (Ttixen 1970; Received 18 February Gimingham 1972; Westhoff and Den Held 1975; Read 13 May 1993. Oberdorfer 1979; Rieley and Page 1990; Rodwell Published 28 June 1993. 1991). On mainland Europe C. epit/symiuin is also associated with acid. 'grass-heathlands' of the Nardo-Galion Prsg. 1949, and dry calcareous grasslands of the Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943 (Rothmaler 1976). Webb (1977) considers C. epithymum a very rare plant in Ireland and states that it is distributed on sandy ground near the sea and mainly in the southern half of the island. While Scannell and Synnott (1987) consider the species a native of sand-dunes in Ireland, Webb and Scannell (1983) and Nelson (1991) suggest that there is no place in Ireland where this plant is undoubtedly native. A relatively well-documented site for C. epithymum is at Fanore in the Burren, the karstic region of north-west County Clare on the Inrsh west coast (Fig. 2). Cuscuta was first found in that area by Druce (1909) 'in pasture about a mile [1.6km] south of Black Head'. Specimens lodged in the herbarium at the National Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin, Dublin, by A. W. Stelfox in 1924 were found near the Caher River at 'Murrough' (Murroogh), about 3.4km south of Black Head. BIOLOGY .AN)ENDVlIRONME-NT PR(CE)INS; OF THE Roy-A IRiSH ACDLEY. VOL. 93B. No.. 61-67 (1993). C ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY 61 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.114 on Thu, 26 May 2016 06:07:49 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Further specimens were collected from Fanore dunes by Dr P. O'Connor in 1934. Some years later, Webb (1947) recorded the plant at Fanore 'on the edge of the sand-dunes that lie immediately to the north of the mouth of the Caher river, 2.5 miles [4kml south of Black Head'. Later Webb (1962) noted that the plant grew in 'great profusion' at Fanore and had obviously extended its range since he first saw it there in 1947. Webb and Scannell (1983) list the plant as 'very abundant on the dunes at Fanore'. Reconnaissance of Fanore in 1990 showed that the plant is abundant over much of the mature dune system, from Murroogh in the north to the recreation area near the old schoolhouse in the south. Survey of pastures between Fanore and Black Head failed to relocate the plant in that area. Until now, C. epithymum has not been recorded in any other mainland Burren station, but was found in 1890 on the Aran Islands (Nowers and Wells 1892), where it is frequent on dunes at Portmurvy and Killeany on Inishmore, and north of the landing-stage on Inishmaan (Webb and Scannell 1983). The Fanore and Aran sites for Cuscuta are located in the Burren Hills (District 2), the western section of the Burren as defined by Webb and Scannell (1983). Ivimey-Cook and Proctor (1966) found that at Fanore C. epithymum occurred in mature dune grasslands, which they assigned to two classes, the Koelerio-Corynephoretea Klika in Klika et Novak 1941 and the Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943 em. Tx. 1961. There are no detailed descriptions of C. epithymum in heathland vegetation in Ireland, but materials in the herbarium at the National Botanic Gardens, Dublin, indicate that Cuscuta has been found on Ulex gallii in heathland. In this paper, nomenclature for higher plants and nmosses follows Tutin et al. 1964-80 and Smith 1978. Syntaxonomy follows the scheme for Irish vegetation presented in White and Doyle 1982. A NEW LIMESTONE PAVEMENT HABITAT FOR CUSCUTA IN THE BURREN LOWLANDS On 15June 1990 Cuscuta epithymum was found growing among vegetation on limestone pavement south of Cooloorta (Irish grid reference R3496) in the lowland area to the east of Mullagh More (Fig. 2), referred to as the Burren Lowlands (District 3) in Webb and Scannell 1983. The station lies about 30m above sea-level and some 17km from the sea at its nearest point, to the north at Kinvarra, Co. Galway. This constitutes a new record for the species in this part of the Burren. At Cooloorta, C. epithymum extends over an area of 50m x 5Gm. In places Cuscuta stems span 50cm of bare limestone between adjacent host Fig. 1European plants. The area is grazcd by cattlc and a part has distribution of Cuscuta been used as a foddering area in winter. epithymum. The Irish distribution is based on The vegetation in which Cusctita grows is typithe vce-couty cal of many pavement areas in the eastern part of the distribution listed in Burren (Table 1). This vegetation is classified as: Scannell and Synnott Asperulo-Seslerietum (Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1952) 1987. The British Shimwell 1971 distribution is based on Perring and Walters Seslerio-Mesobromenion Oberd. 1957 1976. The European Mcsobromion (Br.-Bl. et Moor 1938 em. mainland distrbution is Oberd. 1949) Oberd. 1957 based on the works of Meusel et al. (1978) Brometalia (Koch 1926 n.n.) Br.-Bl1. 1936 and Hulten and Fries Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943 cm. Tx. (1986). 1961 Vegetation of dry chalk grasslands in Europe is referred to the Festuco-Brometea. The diagnostic species for the Asperulo-Seslerieturn, as listed by White and Doyle (1982), that arc present in the vegetation at Cooloorta include Sesleria albicans, Geranium sanguineuim, Carlina vulgaris, Asperula cynanchica, Hieracium pilosella, Blackstonia perfoliata, Sanguisorba minor, Filipendula vulgaris and Dryas octopetala. The vegetation is grass-dominated, low growing (40cm) and confined to organic-rich soil about 10cm deep, among limestone pavements. In some places, exposed pavement is extensive and vegetation provides sparse cover. In quadrat 1, total vegetation cover is 40)%, shrub cover 20%, herb" @default.
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• W1644653359 title "Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. (Convolvulaceae), its hosts and associated vegetation in a limestone pavement habitat in the Burren Lowlands in County Clare (H9), western Ireland." @default.
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