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• W164632074 endingPage "327" @default.
• W164632074 startingPage "307" @default.
• W164632074 abstract "Single atoms of Ca2+ and Cl− are closely associated with the tetranuclear Mn cluster of Photosystem II (PS II). Extraction of either cofactor blocks advancement of the S-state cycle beyond S2. In the case of Cl− depletion, this modification has been proposed to result from replacement of the anion as a Mn ligand. This would cause a decrease of the potential, and thereby localization of the Mn(IV) state on the Mn to which Cl− was bound. The implications of this hypothesis, and of the notion that the ligand replacing Cl− in the modified S2 state is most likely hydroxyl (OH−), are discussed and found to provide a plausible explanation for apparently conflicting reports in the literature. The location of Ca2+ with respect to the Mn cluster is less certain. Although the metal is positioned so as to interfere with the attack of a small ligand, such as hydroxylamine (NH2OH), on the Mn cluster, the distance between Ca2+ and atoms of the Mn cluster is not resolved at the present time. Calcium can be shown to reinforce the stability of Mn ligation by PS II. However, its role in water oxidation must extend beyond structural effects to account for the block in electron transfer at S2 observed in Ca2+-depleted PS II, and the upward shift in the minimum temperature at which the transition from S1 to S2 occurs. The inactivation of PS II caused by replacement of Ca2+ with lanthanides suggests that it functions as a site for binding of water molecules destined for oxidation at the Mn site in PS II." @default.
• W164632074 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W164632074 creator A5008509272 @default.
• W164632074 creator A5086499619 @default.
• W164632074 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W164632074 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W164632074 title "The Calcium and Chloride Cofactors" @default.
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