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• W1647692987 abstract "H.A. Ishii2, P. Pianetta1, J.P. Bradley2, 1Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA, 2Institute of Geophysics & Planetary Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA (sean.brennan@stanford.edu). Introduction: The NASA Stardust mission returned the first solid cometary samples to Earth in 2006 from Comet 81P/Wild 2. The results of the Preliminary Examination [1,2] provided an overview of the captured material. Cometary material was collected in silica aerogel to provide more gradual deceleration. Although studies of analogue samples using light gasgun shots have been performed [3], there seem to be significant differences in mechanical properties between the pyrrhotite samples used in the terrestrial experiments and the actual 81P/Wild 2 material. Thus, 2-D and especially 3-D images of the impact tracks and associated impact debris in aerogel may help elucidate the deceleration process. We have recently installed a multi-keV transmission X-ray microscope (TXM) using a zone plate as an imaging optic at the multipole wiggler end station 6-2 on the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). The beam line monochromates and focuses a tunable x-ray beam onto entrance slits positioned 1 m (vertical) and 0.5 m (horizontal) upstream of a condensing optic which uniformly illuminates a 14 micron field of view at the sample. The astigmatic optical system is needed because of the much smaller vertical divergence of the incident beam. The photon energy range of the TXM is from 5 keV up to 10 keV, but is optimized for the 8 keV (~ Cu Kα) photon energy. The zone plate, downstream from the sample, images the field of view onto an x-ray sensitive area detector. We have recently achieved 40 nm resolution with this instrument. It is especially effective in imaging terminal particles from the Stardust mission because, after keystoning, no further sample preparation of the terminal particle is required. The longer penetration depth of X rays compared to electrons means that the full terminal particle and its surrounding aerogel can be imaged. One of the advantages of attaching the microscope to a tunable x-ray source such as a synchrotron is that the same sample can be imaged at different photon energies, for instance above and below the Fe K-absorption edge at 7113 eV. This allows us to directly observe those parts of the image which are dominated by iron. By taking a sequence of images as the sample is rotated about an axis perpendicular to the beam direction, one can create a tomographic reconstruction of the particle in three dimensions. By combining tomography with the tunability of the X-ray source one can get a three-dimensional map of the iron-containing materials in the vicinity of the terminal particle. Figure 1. Stardust Track 12 (C2044,0,52). Twodimensional image from the 3-D tomographic reconstruction using X rays above the Fe K-absorption edge. Particle direction of travel is from lower right to upper left. Agglomerated material is visible in the wake of the prolate spherical particle." @default.
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• W1647692987 date "2008-03-01" @default.
• W1647692987 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
• W1647692987 title "X-Ray Microscopy and Tomography of Stardust Terminal Particles" @default.
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