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- W1647712 abstract "When I read Larkin first in 1956, he made other styles obsolete. He was an innovator. (Robert Lowell, qtd. in Larkin, Collected Poems dustjacket) It is perhaps because attitude [...] experimentation in the arts was well known (Swarbrick 73) that Grosvenor Powell, in recent article on iambic and twentieth-century metrical experimentation, finds no need mention him at all. His reputation as complacent Philistine is, of course, partly of the poet's own making: he once notoriously remarked, Form holds little interest for me. Content is everything, (1) and has praised number of poetic predecessors as whom technique seems matter less than content, people who accept the forms they have (Larkin, Whitsun Weddings dustjacket; Hamilton 71). But Larkin's self-representations were notoriously untrustworthy: it is disconcerting, for example, find that one of the plain unadventurous poets he refers above is W. H. Auden, whom he has elsewhere praised for his readiness (Required Writing [henceforth RW] 123). Indeed, one could argue that thirty years after Waste Land, simply accept s ome inherited form of free verse as the prosodic norm was in sense the more conservative option: throughout his career Larkin experimented, both with unusual metrical forms and with free verse. (2) Moreover, as James Booth has observed, he immensely admired the work of many writers now called 'modernist' (4). I wish argue here that his handling of even that most established and time-worn of meters, the iambic pentameter, was--so far from representing kind of Betjemanesque antiquarianism or what Swarbrick calls a return tradition (73)--experimental, in practice if not in theory. Larkin's objection, after all, was not the normal artistic process of testing and probing the fit between what one has say and the available ways of saying it, but rather what he saw as experimentation for its own sake, the restless meddling of his infernal trinity of mad lads: Pound, Picasso and (Charlie) Parker. (3) There is more than one way of making it new, after all, and whereas Pound sought to break the pentameter (Canto 81), Larkin, more constructively, reinvented (or perhaps rediscovered) it for the twentieth-century as an essentially oral meter, mimetic of the spoken language in surprising variety of registers. process continued throughout his career: one of his earliest experiments, for example, is Schoolmaster (1940, Collected Poems [henceforth CP] 248), poem that unsuccessfully explores the loosened or stretched colloquial he was deploy so effectively some thirty years later in The Old Fools (CP 196) and Show Saturday (CP 199). Of course, Larkin was by no means the first C20 poet experiment with the form: Eliot (who tested it destruction) and even Bridges had preceded him in this, and Lowell took the process even further in some directions -- but then no-one has ever accused Lowell of being latter-day Georgian. Both poets sought that would sound more natural, less orotund and Tennysonian, and in doing so they reintroduced into the line (deliberately or otherwise) feature that had hitherto (as the following table shows) characterized only the specifically oral medium of Shakespeare's dramatic verse: catalexis, or the omission of nonbeatbearing syllables in the line: Comparative Table of Catalexes and Harsh Mappings (1000-line samples) Lines with Initial Internal Total Harsh Catalexes Catalexis Catalexis Mappings Pope 0 0 0 0 Milton (PL) 0 0 0 0.2 Shakespeare (Sonn) 0 0 0 1.3 Shakespeare (Tp.) 0.9 1.0 1.9 01.4 Byron (Don Juan) 0 0 0 0.2 Tennyson 0 0 0 0. …" @default.
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- W1647712 date "2001-12-22" @default.
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- W1647712 title "What Music Lies in the Cold Print: Larkin's Experimental Metric" @default.
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