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• W1649875926 abstract "The experiment was carried out on August 11, 1999, during the 94 % solar eclipse, using a lidar, an ozone meter, and a ground meteorological station. The lidar was used to measure the height of the mixing layer after sunrise and, in particular, before, during and after the solar eclipse [1]. The ozone meter measured the ground ozone concentration during the phenomenon observed. The ground meteorological station took the meteorological parameters of the atmospheric ground layer. The weather conditions in the region of Sofia, Bulgaria were favorable for observation. The data of the three types of measurements demonstrate with certainty that the solar eclipse affects the meteorological parameters of the atmosphere near the ground, the ozone concentration near the ground, and the height of the mixing layer. It was found out that a certain time delay exists of the solar eclipse impact on the meteorological parameters, the ozone concentration and the mixing layer height, which delay was different for the different parameters. 1. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP, EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES Fig. 1 presents the path of the solar eclipse totality band across Bulgaria’s territory. The figure also Fig. 1. Totality band (the shaded area), isochrones and isophases of the eclipse over Bulgaria’s territory on August 11, 1999 [2]. shows some isolines: the isochrones, which connect the points where the eclipse begins and ends at the same moment, and the isophases (the points where the maximal eclipse phase is the same). By interpolation, one can determine approximately the characteristics moment and the maximal phase at each point. On the territory of Bulgaria, the eclipse began at 12:35 hours local standard time (LST) to the west of the town of Kula (point with coordinates 22°21′ eastern longitude and 43°51′ northern latitude) and ended at 15:34 hours LST on the Black Sea shore to the east of the town of Shabla (point with coordinates 28°36′ eastern longitude and 43°32′ northern latitude). The central line of the eclipse path started on the bank of Danube River near the town of Popina and ended on the Black Sea shore to the east of the town of Shabla. The Lunar shadow “stepped” on Bulgarian soil on 14:07 hours LST at a point with coordinates 26°57′ e.l. and 44°08′ n.l. and left at 14:14 hours at 28°36′ e.l. and 43°32′ n.l. Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a total solar eclipse. The Moon enters the solar disk from the righthand side and gradually blocks an ever-increasing portion of it. Fig. 2. Schematic diagram the lunar umbra; 2 – con where partial solar eclipse eclipse. The illuminance decrea screened by the Moon i by several degrees. The partial eclipse beginnin Shabla Sofia Sun n Earth Moo of a total solar eclipse; 1 – cone of e of the lunar penumbra; 3 – zone is observed; 4 – zone of total solar ses as the portion of the Sun ncreases. The temperature drops data for Sofia are as follows: g 12:36 hours, maximal phase moment 14:03; maximal surface phase 0.944, partial eclipse end 15:27. In the experiments reported, we used an aerosol lidar with the following main parameters: tarnsmitter – a Qswitched frequency-doubled Nd-YAG laser, wavelength 532 nm, pulse energy 10 15 mJ, pulse duration 15 20 ns, pulse repetition rate 12.5 Hz, laser beam divergence 3 mrad; receiving antenna – Cassegrain-type telescope with main mirror diameter 150 mm and equivalent focal length 2250 mm; photodetector – photoelectron multiplier type FEU 84 with interference filter with FWHM 1 nm; data acquisition and processing system – 10-bit 20 MHz analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a PC. During the lidar experiment, we recorded 6000 profiles in periods of about 9 minutes. Each 150 profiles were averaged in view of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. The 40 profiles thus obtained were transformed into S-functions, for which the standard deviation and the second derivative were calculated; these were later used to determine the mixing layer height [3, 4]. The meteorological data used were those from the standard ground measurements carried out by the National Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, located in a close vicinity to the Institute of Electronics, and in the Shabla region. To measure the ground ozone concentration, a chemiluminescence ozone analyzer type 3-02P1 (Russia) was used. The detection method is based on measuring the chemiluminescence arising due to the ozone reacting with a sensitive luminophor adsorbed on a solid substrate. The detector’s main parameters are: sensitivity 2 μkg/m, response time <1 sec, relative error 7 %. It has been shown that the chemiluminescence technique of O3 concentration measurement is substantially free from the interference of other atmospheric components, which largely determines its advantage with respect to the chemical techniques and UV optical absorption technique [5, 6, 7]. 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION" @default.
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• W1649875926 date "2004-06-01" @default.
• W1649875926 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1649875926 title "LIDAR and Ground Ozone Measurements in the PBL during the August 11, 1999, Solar Eclipse" @default.
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