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- W165681309 abstract "Electrochemical actuators based on polypyrrole (PPy) have been constructed and characterized. The actuation performance was analyzed in terms of several main parameters: thickness, scan rate, applied stress, cycle life and creep. Two different dopants and two different forms (tubes and free standing films) were produced to investigate their effects on the actuation performance and the underlying mechanisms of actuation. The actuation strain generated by the PPy materials when an external load was applied was found to be the sum of three individual time-dependent processes: strain generated directly from charge and solvent injection; strain generated from elastic modulus changes; and strain caused by creep. It was found that the strain generated from charge and solvent injection behaved like a diffusion-controlled process and the process were found to be relatively slow, whether during ramp or step voltage scanning. A semi-empirical model based on Fickian diffusion was built to predict the actuation strain under different loads at different scan rate in ramp voltage scanning and for different actuator thicknesses. By using the model, work and power of PPy actuators were analyzed. A consequence of the slow charging process is that the thicker PPy materials produce a larger work output but a lower power output. The effect of dopant used for the PPy was quite significant with bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) (TFSI) producing higher strains for equivalent conditions than hexafluorophosphate (PF6) doped PPy. PPy/TFSI films were found to respond slowly to a step voltage change with a significant amount of strain occurring after the applied current had decayed to zero. This contribution to strain was assumed to be due to solvent ingress" @default.
- W165681309 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W165681309 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W165681309 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W165681309 title "Analysis of high performance polypyrrole actuators" @default.
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