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- W1657052009 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter describes the role of mantle plumes in the making of continental crust. The fundamental processes that shape planetary surfaces are impact cratering, volcanism, magmatic activity, and tectonism. Following the early segregation of a crust, mantle and core, volcanism and magmatic activity produced secondary crusts of predominantly mafic composition. Partial melting of these secondary crusts, in turn, led to their recycling and the formation of primitive continental crust. Based on the velocity distribution of seismic waves, the present-day continental crust has a layered structure with two main subdivisions. The boundary between the upper and lower crust is widely displayed as the Conrad discontinuity at a depth of about 20 km, although this does not appear to be present everywhere. The Pilbara Craton, together with the Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa, may have formed the Vaalbara continent, which was possibly part of the first supercontinent Ur. Major episodes of Archaean crust formation would correlate with the rise of deep mantle plumes. An important aspect is that whole mantle convection facilitates higher rates of juvenile crust production, whereas lower growth rates are associated with layered mantle convection." @default.
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- W1657052009 date "2007-01-01" @default.
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- W1657052009 title "Chapter 8.3 Ancient to Modern Earth: The Role of Mantle Plumes in the Making of Continental Crust" @default.
- W1657052009 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2635(07)15083-0" @default.
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