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• W16615307 abstract "The Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation is a useful theoretical framework for understanding the adaptation of a family to the transition from school to work and adult life of a son or daughter with mental retardation. The son or daughter's transition to work and adult life can be analyzed as a non-normative family stressor co-occurring with stressors associated with normative aspects of the family life cycle. The transition to adulthood for a person with mental retardation is a stressful time not only for the individual but also for the family (Ferguson, Ferguson, & Jones, 1988; Hanley-Maxwell, Whitney-Thomas, & Pogoloff, 1995). The family of the individual who transitions from school to work is important factor the success of the transition (Hanley-Maxwell et al., 1995; Wehman, Sale, & Parent, 1992; West, 1992). The transition of a family member with mental retardation affects and is affected by the family social system (Ferguson, Ferguson, & Jones, 1988; Wehman et al., 1992). Thus, the transition from school to work is a significant experience not only for the individual but also for the family. Since 1984 transition services have been a priority for students with disabilities (Will, 1984). The Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services defined the transition from school to work as an outcome-oriented process encompassing a broad array of services and experiences that lead to (Will, 1984, p.2). While transition impacts the individual and the family a number of ways (Ferguson, Ferguson, & Jones, 1988; Hanley-Maxwell et al., 1995), employment is integral part of the transition experience for persons with mental retardation and their families' (Revell, Wehman, Kregel, West, & Rayfield, 1994). According to Wehman and Kregel (1992) for persons with mental retardation, supported employment has been the primary means toward competitive employment. The Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation (McCubbin & McCubbin, 1991), a stress and coping framework based on a family systems approach, provides a theoretical basis for understanding a family's adjustment to the transition from school to work of their adult child with mental retardation. The Resiliency Model divides a family's response to life changes into two phases, specifically the Adjustment Phase and the Adaptation Phase. In the Adjustment Phase, the level of family adjustment response to a stressor event or transition is determined by the of the following elements: (a) the severity of the stressor or transition; (b) the family's vulnerability, as determined by the concurrent pile-up of demands and the family's life cycle stage; (c) the family's characteristic mode of behavior; (d) the level of the family's resources for meeting the demands of the stressor; (e) the family's appraisal of the stressor; and (f) the family's problem solving and coping responses to the stressor. Adjustment is a short term response to the stressor involving minor changes the family. If the demands of the stressor exceed the family's coping strategies, more substantial changes are required. The movement to initiate change the family system characterizes the beginning of the Adaptation Phase. The Adaptation Phase describes the family process involving changes in established roles, rules, goals and/or patterns of interaction (p. 23). In the Adaptation Phase, the level of adaptation response to a crisis situation is determined by the of the following factors: (a) the pile-up of family demands related to the stressor, the normative family transition, prior strains, the consequences of the family's efforts to cope, and ambiguity associated with the situation; (b) the family's adaptive strengths, resources, and capabilities; (c) the family's characteristic mode of behavior or typology; (d) the family's appraisal of the crisis or transition; and (e) the family's problem solving and coping responses. …" @default.
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• W16615307 date "1996-10-01" @default.
• W16615307 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W16615307 title "Family Adaptation to a Young Adult with Mental Retardation" @default.
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