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- W166665293 abstract "Dyslexia is a developmental language disorder which mainly affects the acquisition of reading and spelling skills. Genetic studies of dyslexia have depended on a careful cognitive analysis of the dyslexia phenotype, which has found that most poor readers have a primary problem with printed word recognition mainly caused by a deficit in phonological coding, the ability to convert novel printed letter strings into speech. Dyslexia defined in this way is moderately familial and heritable. The approximate locations of genes influencing dyslexia has begun to be identified using molecular genetic methods. For instance, a dyslexia locus on the short arm of chromosome 6 has now been found in five samples of families with dyslexia by three different laboratories. There is also some preliminary evidence for dyslexia loci on other chromosomes. Because dyslexia is a complex behavioral disorder, it is very likely that multiple genes and multiple environmental risk factors are involved in its etiology. Genes influencing complex phenotypes like dyslexia are currently conceptualized as quantitative trait loci (QTLs), meaning that alleles of these genes act to decrease or increase the levels of a quantitative trait. Such QTLs are risk factors for a disorder like dyslexia, but it is unlikely that a single QTL is either necessary or sufficient to produce the disorder. Research on the genetics of dyslexia has the potential to address several key questions concerning the development of this disorder. These questions include (a) what environmental factors act to increase or decrease the risk for dyslexia (b) why does dyslexia co-occur with other developmental disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and speech and language disorder (c) are deficits in other cognitive components of reading, such as those required for reading exception words (like yacht), influenced by the same QTLs that influence phonological coding deficits? and (d) how do genetic influences alter brain development to increase the risk for dyslexia and these related phenotypes?" @default.
- W166665293 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W166665293 date "2001-01-01" @default.
- W166665293 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W166665293 title "Dyslexia, Genetics of" @default.
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- W166665293 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/03370-2" @default.
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