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- W1672743131 abstract "The imperative for a reformulation of social skills training theory for adults with mental retarda tion is discussed. Current practices in social skills training for persons with mental retardation are summa rized along with potential reasons for their concomitant lack of maintenance and generalization of treatment gains. In order to better understand the process of social skills acquisition, the concept of social competence must be redefined. A cognitive-behavioral definition and model of social competence and social skills is described which attempts to unify traditional social learning concepts with more recent advances in research and practice with persons with cognitive deficits, along with a focus on its utility in the training of social skills among persons with mental retardation. Attempts to incorporate the concept of social Halpern, 1985; Park & Gaylord-Ross, 1989; competence into a definition of mental retarStorey & Gaylord-Ross, 1987), and have dation have been under way for almost 60 found that appropriate social skills are instru years (Doll, 1935; Greenspan & Granfield, mental for acquiring and maintaining em 1992; Sloan & Stevens, 1976; Tredgold, ployment (Cheney & Foss, 1984; Greenspan 1922,1937); indeed, even Itard (1962) wrote & Shoultz, 1981) and in fostering appro that his objective in training Victor was to priate and meaningful social support (Nie increase his ability to engage in appropriate tupski, et al,. 1986; Siegel, et al., 1989; social exchanges. Social skills training for Storey & Gaylord-Ross, 1987). children and adults with mental retardation has received increased attention from re. „ . , , . , Defining Social Skills searchers and practitioners over the last sev eral years (Abordo & Vreeland, 1987; Castles The purpose of any social interaction is to & Glass, 1986a, 1986b; Chin-Perez, Park, elicit positive reinforcement and avoid pun Sacks, & Gaylord-Ross, 1986; Clement-Heist, ishment from one's environment. Definitions Siegel, & Gaylord-Ross, 1992; Davies & of social skills vary; some conceptualizations Rogers, 1985; Foxx, McMorrow, Bittle, & define these behaviors solely as overt behav Ness, 1986; Park 8c Gaylord-Ross, 1989). iors such as eye contact and gestures (Castles Professionals in special education are in8c Glass, 1986a, 1986b) and finite verbal re creasingly seeing the relevance of social skills sponses to finite social stimuli (Gaylord-Ross, training in the preparation of individuals Forte, Storey, Gaylord-Ross, & Jameson, with disabilities for employment and indepen1987; Gaylord-Ross, Stremel-Campbell, & dent living (Breen, Haring, Pitts-Conway, & Storey, 1986; Storey & Gaylord-Ross, 1987). Gaylord-Ross, 1985; Castles & Glass, 1986a, Other researchers use less molecular ap 1986b; Chin-Perez, et al., 1986; Doll, 1935; proaches to define social skills; according to their definitions, social skills are any learned overt or covert behaviors used in an interper The author would like to gratefully acknowlsonal exchange to obtain or maintain rein edge the assistance of Omer Elkan, Hyun Sook r ^ r ni*/-u • . i j w i oforcement from one s environment (Cart Park, |im Chnstopoulos and Marlene Simon. . . w.n ..T., , Correspondence concerning this manuscript ,edSe & Mllburn' 1986^ Kel,y> 1982^ Wlld should be addressed to Tom Gumpel, School of man & Wildman, 1980). These behaviors Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, include, but are not limited to, overt and ob Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel 91905 or TGUMservable behaviors, are situationally specific, PEL@VMS.HUJI.AC.IL. goal oriented and rule governed (Chadsey 194 / Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities-September 1994 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.173 on Thu, 19 May 2016 04:17:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Rusch, 1992). To label someone as socially proach to social competence and encom skillful implies a judgement regarding the efpasses constructs described by Meichen ficacy of that individual s overt behaviors in a baum, Butler and Gurson (1981). The model specific situation (McFall, 1982). Being sodiscussed here encompasses six key areas: de cially skillful implies that in a particular situacoding skills, decision skills, performance tion an individual performed a behavior such skills, self-monitoring judgments, environ that the potential for receiving possible reinmental judgments and cognitive structures, forcement from the environment is maxi" @default.
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- W1672743131 date "1994-01-01" @default.
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- W1672743131 title "Social Competence and Social Skills Training for Persons with Mental Retardation: An Expansion of a Behavioral Paradigm." @default.
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