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• W1672848901 abstract "Abstract Chitin is a ubiquitous polysaccharide in fungi, insects, and parasites. We hypothesized that chitin is a size-dependent regulator of innate immunity. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the effects of chitins of different sizes on murine bronchoalveolar or peritoneal macrophages. In these studies, large chitin fragments were inert, while both intermediate-sized chitin (40–70 μm) and small chitin (SC; &lt;40 μm, largely 2–10 μm) stimulated TNF elaboration. In contrast, only SC induced IL-10 elaboration. The effects of intermediate-sized chitin were mediated by pathways that involve TLR2, dectin-1, and NF-κB. In contrast, the effects of SC were mediated by TLR2-dependent and -independent, dectin-1-dependent pathways that involved the mannose receptor and spleen tyrosine kinase. Chitin contains size-dependent pathogen-associated molecular patterns that stimulate TLR2, dectin-1, and the mannose receptor, differentially activate NF-κB and spleen tyrosine kinase, and stimulate the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines." @default.
• W1672848901 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1672848901 date "2009-03-15" @default.
• W1672848901 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W1672848901 title "Chitin Is a Size-Dependent Regulator of Macrophage TNF and IL-10 Production" @default.
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• W1672848901 doi "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0802113" @default.
• W1672848901 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19265136" @default.
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