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• W1673923786 abstract "Because of the importance of the temperature scalar measurements in combination diagonostics, application of phase shift holographic interferometry to temperature measurement of an axisymmetrically premixed flame was experimentally investigated. The test apparatus is an axisymmetric Bunsen burner. Propane of 99% purity is used as the gaseous fuel. A fast Fourier transform, a more efficient and accurate approach for Abel inversion, is used for reconstructed the axisymmetric temperature field from the interferometric data. The temperature distribution is compared with the thermocouple-measured values. The comparison shows that the proposed technique is satisfactory. The result errors are analyzed in detail. It is shown that this technique overcomes most of the earlier problems and limitations detrimental to the conventional holographic interferometry. Introduction Since temperature distribution is an important quantity that characteristizes combustion flow, the techniques for temperature measurement play a significant role in experimental combustion research. However, such techniques show little progress, since they are mainly limited to single point thermocouple measurements. The more global technique such as infrared imagery suffers from poor resolution. In this respect, laser holographic interferometry provides a greater potential technique for remote, nonintrusive, and twoor three-dimensional simultaneous measurement. Fisher and Fitzgerald applied this technique to temperature measurements in a gas filled incandenscent lamp. South and Hayward made temperature Copyright © 1992 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved. * Associate Professor, Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, flnstitute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. 97 98 S. M. TIENG AND W. Z. LAI measurements for an axisymmetric diffusion flame of methane by a singlebeam laser holographic interferometry. Reuss measured the temperature distribution of premixed, lean propane-air flame with this technique. Reuss and Schultz used the double-exposure holographic interferometry to determine the instant temperature distribution of a propagating premixed flame in a cylindrical tube. In the application of holographic interferometry to the temperature measurements of reacting flows, there are generally some problems that affect the accuracy and reliability of the quantitative data. Initially, the technique can lead to error due to the inherent characters of the reacting flows, such as the severe bending of the laser beam introduced by the high density gradient of the flows and the chemical species composition distribution and changes existing in the flame. Recently, these difficulties have been discussed and investigated by some authors.' Furthermore, the interferometric results also suffer from the interferometric approach itself. There are three limitations associated with this approach given as follows: 1) Limited data: quantitative data of the interferometry are generally available only along the intensity minima and maxima of the interferometric fringes. Data of other points can usually be obtained only by approximate interpolation' which can lead to errors. 2) Limited accuracy: although a scanning microphotometer system can be also used to obtain enough data for calculation, the accuracy and reliability of the results are rigorously restricted by the optical noises and the fluctuation of background intensity which exist unavoidably in the fringe pattern. 3) Ambiguity: there is a sign ambiguity in fringe order number which arises because positive phase and negative phase yield identical fringe patterns. It is the purpose of this work to apply a recently developed digital phase shift holographic interferometry to the temperature measurement of a reacting flow in order to effectively circumvent the mentioned limitations of the conventional holographic interferometry. On the other hand, determination of a temperature field by interferometric fringes relates to the reconstruction of the refractive index field from the measured projections of interferometric values, i.e., the phase data. In general, the phase data for an axisymmetric flowfield are obtained from the conventional holographic interferometry only at a limited number of discrete locations and the Abel inversion scheme is usually based on different numerical approximations, such as the step function method, the linear approximation method, the Nestor and Olsen method, and the sampling series method, which require in most cases a considerably large number of calculations with a lower accuracy. Therefore, in many research fields, a faster, more efficient, and more accurate approach for Abel inversion has become a topic of current interest. TEMPERATURE OF AXISYMMETRIC FLAME 99 The phase shift holographic interferometry is capable of providing a large amount of phase data for Abel inversion. Therefore, the Fourier transform is proposed for application to Abel inversion. It has been successfully used in our techniques do. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that this approach to the holographic measurement of an axisymmetric flame has been applied. In this work, application of this new technique to temperature measurement of an axisymmetrically premixed flame was experimentally investigated. An improved recording system for the two reference beam phaseshift holographic interferometry was set up for this experiment. Details of this experimental technique are described. The phase distribution obtained by this phase shift technique was used to determine the temperature field by the Fourier transform based Abel inversion. The reconstructed temperature distributions are compared with thermocouple-measured values. The averaged rms deviation is about 4%. The error sources of the phase-shift holographic interferometry are discussed and the numerical evaluation of the fast Fourier transform based Abel transform was also conducted. II. Digital Phase Shift Interferometry The image intensity of a holographic interferometry is given by the following equation: I(x, y) = /0(z, y){l + m(x, y) cos[$(z, y)]} (l) where /o(z, y) is the background intensity, m(z, y) the fringe constant, and $(x, y) the unknown int erf erome trie phase. To determine the phase value 4>(x, y), the bias phase fa is introduced artificially. This procedure is called phase shifting. Then the image intensity changes as follows: Ii (x, y) = /0(x, y){l + m(x, y) cos[$(z, y)] + fa} (2) For different bias phases fa, we can obtain different /i(x, y) of image irradiance distributions. The unknown phase 3>(z,y) can then be determined from the values of Ii(x,y) and fa by using algebraic relationship ^ > y ) = t a n i ( 3 ) where fa — 2?r/n ar ethe stepped bias phases from 0 to 2?r and n is the step number. From Eq.(3) we can see that 1) the total phase distribution (z, y) can be calculated using this technique; 2) the phase sign ambiguity of the mterferometric fringes is eliminated (negative discontinuity indicates an 100 S.M.TIENG ANDW.Z. LAI a) Ruby Laser X -694nm" @default.
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• W1673923786 title "Temperature Measurement of an Axisymmetric Flame Using Phase Shift Holographic Interferometry with Fast Fourier Transform" @default.
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