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- W1679259785 abstract "The available data suggest that the X chromosome of Anopheles had originated independently from the X chromosome of Drosophila. In order to gain insights into a possible role of the X chromosome in speciation of malaria mosquitoes, we studied the pattern of rearrangements, genomic landscapes and heterochromatin variations among closely and distantly related species. • Our cytogenetic analysis of the An. gambiae species complex showed fixed differences in the amount and pattern of the X heterochromatin among sibling species as well as between the M and S forms (Fig. 1). Interestingly, the low-recombination pericentric region displayed the high level of polymorphism in the size of heterochromatin and the rDNA locus (Fig. 2). • The largest region of the high genomic divergence between the incipient species (the M and S forms) co-localizes with the heterochromatin of the An. gambiae X chromosome (Fig. 3). • Our comparative physical mapping of distantly related malaria mosquito species identified the fastest rate of inversion fixation on the X chromosome despite the paucity of inversion polymorphism (Fig. 4). • The analysis of the An. gambiae genome demonstrated the highest density of transposable elements, microsatellites, minisatellites, and satellites in the X chromosome (Fig. 5). • The X chromosome is enriched in genes that may be involved in premating isolation, such as genes encoding for proteins with molecular and signal transduction activity (Fig. 6). Thus, our study points out to the elevated evolutionary plasticity of the euchromatic gene order and heterochromatin structure of the X chromosome suggesting a possible role of the sex chromosome in speciation of malaria mosquitoes. An. gambiae SUA 2La (M) An. gambiae Pimperena (S) An. gambiae Akron (M) An. gambiae Kisumu (S) Pericentric heterochromatin exhibits inter-specific differences An. merus An. quadriannulatus An. arabiensis An. gambiae Zanu (S) Fig. 1. Heterochromatin patterns observed after staining with DAPI. Arrows indicate heterochromatin (darker areas) exhibiting inter and intra-specific differences. While the M forms (Sua, Akron) exhibit single large bands (A, B), S forms (Zanu, Pimperena, Kisumu) exhibit a secondary heterochromatic band in (C-E). Sibling species (FH) also exhibit variation in heterochromatin patterns. An. gambiae Kisumu (S) An. gambiae Akron (M)" @default.
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- W1679259785 date "2012-07-20" @default.
- W1679259785 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W1679259785 title "The X chromosome, heterochromatin and speciation in malaria mosquitoes" @default.
- W1679259785 doi "https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1092004.1" @default.
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