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- W168420723 abstract "Phosphorus-based flame retardants act mostly in the solid phase of burning polymeric materials and cause the polymer to char, thus inhibiting the pyrolysis process necessary to feed the flames. Intumescent flame retardants form a stable foam layer that acts as a barrier between the flame and the combustible material. In addition to being added to plastics, these are available as paints for protecting wooden buildings or steel structures. Phosphorus flame retardants can be used as reactive (chemically bound into the polymer) and additive systems, having as well a broad application field due to their good fire-proof performance. Phosphates are widely used in housings for the information technology equipment; phosphonates in polyurethane foams for automotive and building applications and phosphinates are alternatives to brominated flame retardants in engineering plastics including polyesters, polyamides, and elastomers, mainly for electric and electronic applications. Furthermore, phosphorus compounds are frequently used in combination with other flame retardants including nitrogen-containing compounds, nanofillers, and metal hydroxides. Many equipment manufacturers in electronics industry are implementing road maps to phase out polyvinyl chloride and halogenated additives—first from enclosures, and then from printed circuit boards as well as cables and connectors." @default.
- W168420723 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W168420723 date "2014-01-01" @default.
- W168420723 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W168420723 title "Phosphorus-based and Intumescent Flame Retardants" @default.
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- W168420723 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53808-6.00006-8" @default.
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