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- W1689711452 abstract "Transport of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in soils is becoming an increasingly serious threat to the environment. Detection and observation of these substances are thus an increasingly important issue. During recent years, studies have used the apparent dielectric constant ( K a ) measured by time domain reflectometry (TDR) for determining the saturation of NAPLs (θ NAPL ) in soils (m 3 m −3 ). K a has been related to θ NAPL using dielectric mixing models. In this approach for the unsaturated zone, the water content θ w should be known beforehand (by assumptions or measured using other techniques). Here, unlike previous research, detailed laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between the TDR measured K a and bulk electrical conductivity σ a and θ NAPL . Calibration was made in homogeneous sand using three different NAPLs. It was shown that the mixing model used previously led to errors up to 0.05 m 3 m −3 in saturated sand. Moreover, in unsaturated sand, measurements of K a only cannot be used for estimation of θ NAPL even if θ w is known. Instead, TDR's capability of determining both K a and σ a was utilized to estimate θ w and θ NAPL . The approach presented in this study can be used for simultaneous observation of θ w and θ NAPL during NAPL transport experiments in both unsaturated and saturated sandy soils. Thus it is potentially helpful when developing new NAPL transport models." @default.
- W1689711452 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1689711452 creator A5039310187 @default.
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- W1689711452 date "2002-05-01" @default.
- W1689711452 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W1689711452 title "Measuring nonaqueous phase liquid saturation in soil using time domain reflectometry" @default.
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- W1689711452 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/2001wr000523" @default.
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