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- W1691161566 endingPage "401" @default.
- W1691161566 startingPage "351" @default.
- W1691161566 abstract "The sections in this article are: 1 The Placenta 1.1 Placental Exchange and Fetal Oxygenation 1.2 Questions to Consider 2 Maternal Blood O2 Affinity and Capacity 2.1 Hemoglobin 2.2 Blood O2 Affinity and HbO2 Saturation Curve 2.3 Blood O2 Capacity 3 Fetal Blood O2 Affinity and Capacity 3.1 Fetal Hb 3.2 Blood O2 Affinity 3.3 Blood O2 Capacity 4 Interrelations of Maternal and Fetal Blood O2 Affinity and Capacity 4.1 General Considerations 4.2 Species Differences 5 Transplacental Diffusion 5.1 Mean Maternal-to-Fetal O2 Tension Differences 5.2 Placental Diffusing Capacity 5.2.1 General Considerations 5.2.2 Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity 5.3 Role of Hb Reaction Rates 5.4 Possible Facilitated O2 Transport 5.5 Alterations in Placental Diffusing Capacity 5.5.1 Theoretical Considerations 5.5.2 Hypoxia and Embolization 5.5.3 Responses to Maternal Exercise 5.5.4 Clinical Implications 5.6 Placental O2 Consumption 5.6.1 Theoretical Considerations 5.6.2 Experimental Studies 5.7 Summary 6 Variations in Maternal and Fetal O2 Tensions 6.1 Theoretical Considerations 6.2 Experimental Studies 6.3 Clinical Implications 6.3.1 Hyperbaric Oxygenation 6.3.2 Acute Decrease in Inspired O2 Tension 6.3.3 Chronic Decrease in Maternal Inspired O2 Tension-High Altitude 6.3.4 Chronic Maternal Hypoxemia—Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease 7 Variations in Maternal and Fetal O2 Affinity 7.1 Theoretical Considerations 7.2 Decrease in Fetal Blood O2 Affinity by Intrauterine Transfusion 7.3 Changes in O2 Affinity Due to Hemoglobinopathies 7.4 Maternal Hyperventilation 7.5 Carbon Monoxide Effects 8 Placental CO2 Exchange 8.1 Forms of CO2 8.2 Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curves 8.3 Transplacental CO2 Exchange 8.4 Haldane and Bohr Effects 8.5 Importance of Various Factors on CO2 Exchange 8.6 Umbilical-to- Uterine Venous CO2 Tension Differences 8.7 Interrelations of Placental CO2 and H2O Exchange 8.8 Conclusions 9 Variations in Rate of Maternal and Fetal Placental HB and O2 Flows 9.1 General Considerations 9.2 Theoretical Considerations 9.3 Experimental Studies 9.4 Clinical Implications of Altered Placental Flows 10 Interrelations of Maternal and Fetal Placental Flows and O2 Exchange 10.1 Distribution of Maternal and Fetal Placental Flows 10.1.1 Nonuniform Distribution of Maternal and Fetal Blood Flows 10.1.2 Distribution of Placental Diffusing Capacity to Blood Flows 10.2 “Sluice” or “Waterfall” Flow in Placental Vessels 10.3 Uterine Contractions and O2 Exchange 10.4 Importance of Various Parameters in O2 Transfer 10.5 Summary Equations 10.6 Graphical Analysis of Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange 11 Some Comparisons of Blood Flow and Gas Exchange in the Placenta and Lung 12 conclusion12 Conclusions" @default.
- W1691161566 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1691161566 creator A5089366014 @default.
- W1691161566 date "1987-12-01" @default.
- W1691161566 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
- W1691161566 title "Respiratory Gas Exchange in the Placenta" @default.
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