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• W169312507 abstract "The presence of a blood-brain barrier to protein (BBB) was recognized as early as 1885. However, it was not until electron microscopy became available that the structural components of the BBB to protein were localized to cerebral endothelium. Fewer endothelial caveolae and the presence of circumferential tight junctions at the interendothelial spaces constitute the anatomic substrate of the BBB to protein. Further technological advances in the last few decades have resulted in the discovery of numerous proteins in cerebral endothelium. This chapter provides information about many of these proteins and what is known about their role during BBB breakdown in brain diseases. The pathogenesis of BBB breakdown has to be understood before therapy can be designed to control BBB breakdown and the subsequent cerebral edema in various diseases. List of Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ADP, Adenosine diphosphate; AF-6, ALL-1 fusion partner from chromosome 6; Ang, Angiopoietin; ATP, Adenosine triphosphate; BBB, Blood-brain barrier; Ca-ATPase, Calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase; CNS, Central nervous system; CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid; CT, Computed tomography; EAE, Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; G-protein, Membrane receptor; GBM, Glioblastoma multiforme; GM-CSF, Granulocyte-Macrophage-colony stimulating factor; GTPase, Guanosine 5’-triphosphate; HGF, Hepatocyte growth factor; 7H6, Tight junction-associated antigen; HIV-1, Human immunodeficiency virus-1; HRP, Horseradish peroxidase; Ig, Immunoglobulin; IL, Interleukin; JAM, Junctional adhesion molecule; Mg, Magnesium; MMP, Matrix metalloproteinases; MW, Molecular weight; NEF, N-ethyl maleimide; Nm, Nanometers; NSF, NEF-sensitive fusion factor; PECAM-1, Platelet/Endothelial cell adhesion molecules; SF, Scatter factor; SNAP, Soluble NSF attachment protein; v-SNARE, Vesicle-associated SNAP receptor; VAMP-2, Vesicle-associated membrane protein-2; Ser/Thr kinase, Serine/Threonine kinase; Tie2, Tyrosine kinase with Immunoglobulin-like loops and epidermal growth factor homology domains; TGF, Transforming growth factor; TNF, Tumor necrosis factor; UTP, Uridine 5’-triphosphate; VCAM, Vascular cell adhesion molecule; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; ZO, Zonula occludens" @default.
• W169312507 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W169312507 creator A5005175282 @default.
• W169312507 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W169312507 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W169312507 title "3 Structure and Pathology of the Blood–Brain Barrier" @default.
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