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• W169637112 abstract "[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Due to his work to determine how cholera was spread in 18th century, John Snow (1813 1858) has been hailed as father of modern epidemiology. addition to his work in epidemiology, Snow was also a famous physician and a leading pioneer in development of anesthesia. As testament to his stature, Snow was recently voted greatest doctor of all time in a poll by England's Hospital Doctor newspaper (Grant 2003). That is high praise indeed, but how can and how should life and work of an 18th-century English doctor influence biology teaching in 21st-century secondary schools? This article presents an inquiry model, The Life and Work of John Snow, which teachers can use to develop a series of biology lessons involving history and nature of science. The lessons presented use a combination of literature, history, critical thinking, and simulation to promote the use of history in school science programs to clarify different aspects of scientific inquiry, human aspects of science, and role that science has played in development of various cultures as recommended by National Science Education Standards (NRC 1996, p. 107). this article, model is presented in four parts: effects and occurrence of cholera; context (environment) in which Snow worked; Snow's character and work involving cholera; and a simulation representing spread of disease. Depending on amount of time available in your science program, and depth to which you pursue some of issues, two to three days would be an adequate amount of time to complete lessons. Part one: Cholera We begin The Life and Work of John Snow by providing students with a brief background on cholera including causes, effects, occurrence, and treatment of disease. Depending on age of your students, this information can be either presented by teacher or a focus of student research. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides comprehensive information about cholera (see web at end of this article), which we use in presenting disease background. While present-day risk of contracting cholera in North America has been greatly reduced, waterborne diseases such as cholera are still potential threats, as demonstrated by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Outside of United States, in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, cholera remains a serious health issue. Aside from information acquired from CDC website, media reports of disease outbreaks can be used to connect science classroom with broader world. Once students are familiar with current information about cholera, we visit past and social and scientific environment in which Snow worked. Part two: London and miasma The appalling social conditions in London in mid-18th century were vividly described in works of Charles Dickens and in newspapers of day. On September 24, 1849, for instance, a journalist reported on a visit to London district of Bermondsey, In No. 1 of this street cholera first appeared 17 years ago, and spread up it with fearful virulence; but this year it appeared at opposite end, and ran down it with like severity ... (Mayhew 1849). At that time, cholera was a major reason for highest death rate in Britain's cities since Black Death. More information on social conditions at time can be found in online article London's 'great stink' and Victorian urban planning (Daunton 2004). This material provides excellent background reading for students. mid-18th century, cholera and other diseases were thought to be caused by miasma, a poisonous, airborne, foul-smelling vapor filled with particles of decomposing material. The miasmatic theory of disease was strongly supported by doctors of time, unsurprising given correlation of cholera with foul-smelling waters described by Mayhew (1849). …" @default.
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• W169637112 date "2007-10-01" @default.
• W169637112 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W169637112 title "The Life and Work of John Snow: Investigating Science as Inquiry through Snow's Work Involving Cholera" @default.
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