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- W169883906 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION II. FACTORS INFLUENCING LEGAL RULINGS A. Pregnant Women's Right to Self-Determination and Bodily Integrity B. Pregnant Women's Right to Privacy C. Pregnant Women's Right to Free Exercise of Religion D. Pregnant Women's Right to Protect Their Health and Lives E. Fetal and State Rights III. BALANCING THE RIGHTS OF A WOMAN AND THE FETUS IV. THE EFFECTS OF STATE COURT RULINGS V. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS VI. CONCLUSION I. INTRODUCTION Women have the right to terminate their pregnancies, (1) although it is neither absolute nor free from numerous attempts to be abolished or to be significantly limited. (2) Attempts to regulate pregnancy have also affected women's rights to make decisions concerning the refusal of medical procedures. (3) In In re Brown, (4) the Illinois court appointed a guardian to protect the interests of a fetus and ordered a pregnant woman to undergo a blood transfusion against her will. (5) In 2004, Melissa Rowland refused to undergo a cesarean section. Doctors claim that her refusal resulted in the stillbirth of one of her fetuses. (6) She became the first pregnant woman arrested for homicide because of her behavior during pregnancy. (7) State courts vary in their willingness to protect pregnant women's rights to self-determination, bodily integrity, privacy, and religious freedom; these rights are sometimes outweighed by fetal rights to live. (8) Different state courts have issued many competing decisions, which emphasizes a lack of unification in this area of law. (9) This inconsistency in the law creates confusion for women concerning the scope of their legal protections and alters women's selection of prenatal care and decision to give birth. Thus, it is important to recognize the prevailing themes and grounds on which courts have rested their opinions. An analysis of these state court rulings will expose a lack of unification among states' interests in protecting either women's rights or fetal rights. This article will first identify the factors that courts have used in their rulings; these are the factors that judges most often have used to support or limit pregnant women's constitutional rights. A psycho-legal analysis then examines the effects of inconsistent rulings on women, the medical profession, and the law. The concluding section will provide recommendations for pregnant women and offer policy suggestions. II. FACTORS INFLUENCING LEGAL RULINGS A number of recent court cases emphasize inconsistencies in the law concerning pregnant women's rights and fetal rights. (10) Some courts recognize fetal rights at viability, (11) whereas other courts sustain a mother's overriding right to refuse any medical treatment during the entire pregnancy. (12) Fetal rights are based on the state's compelling interest to protect human life, especially at viability, and on recognition of a fetus as a person under particular state laws. (13) Most state courts reference the provisions of Roe v. Wade (14) that refer to as the point at which the state has a compelling interest in protecting fetal rights to live and be born healthy. (15) Not all courts, however, have referred to the point of viability as the premise for their rulings. (16) In a few cases, the judges noted the state's compelling interest in protecting the life of a not-yet-viable fetus. (17) The prevailing factors on which courts rest their holdings about pregnant women's rights to refuse medical treatment can be grouped into categories based on common themes. Identifying these themes will emphasize the factors on which courts base their opinions and how these opinions affect pregnant women's rights and fetal rights. These factors include self-determination, bodily integrity, privacy, free exercise of religion, and the protection of a woman's health and life. The remainder of this section will focus on each of the major factors that judges have relied on in their rulings. …" @default.
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- W169883906 date "2009-06-22" @default.
- W169883906 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W169883906 title "Inconsistent State Court Rulings concerning Pregnancy-Related Behaviors" @default.
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