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• W170795528 startingPage "659" @default.
• W170795528 abstract "In this chapter, we discuss the processes that drive the physical transformation and decay of cometary nuclei as they move from the frigid outer regions into the hot environment of the inner solar system. Fundamentally, comets and asteroids are distinguished by their volatile content, which is itself a measure of the temperature of the environment in which they accreted. Comets possess a substantial fraction of bulk water ice that is not expected in the asteroids of the main-belt [Whipple (1950) thought comets might contain a water ice fraction near 50% by mass but recent data suggest smaller fractions. Reach et al. (2000), for example, estimate a ratio 3% to 10% in 2P/Encke, while Grun et al. (2001) find that only 10–15% of the mass lost from C/Hale Bopp was from sublimated ice.] Unfortunately, we possess no direct way to measure the bulk fraction of water ice within any nucleus or asteroid. The fundamental distinction between comets and asteroids is not reflected in any cleancut, practical means by which to distinguish them. Instead, the widely applied practical definition is that a comet is defined by showing a resolved coma at some point in its orbit. Deciding whether an object is an asteroid or a comet thus depends critically on the instrumental resolution and sensitivity to low surface brightness coma. A weakly active comet might not be detected as such if observed with insufficient resolution or sensitivity. Thus, there arises a gray zone in which the cometary vs. asteroidal nature of a given body cannot easily be ascertained by observations. A third distinction between asteroids and comets may be drawn based on the respective dynamical properties. The Tisserand invariant with respect to Jupiter is a popular discriminant. It is defined by" @default.
• W170795528 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W170795528 creator A5002964428 @default.
• W170795528 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W170795528 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W170795528 title "From cradle to grave: the rise and demise of the comets" @default.
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