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- W170947459 abstract "In 2008, the EU adopted Directive 2008/99/EC on theprotection of the environment through the criminal law, to be implemented in Member States by December 2010. Althoughthe enforcement of environmental legislation by means of thecriminal law is by no means novel, it has often played asecondary role to administrative sanctions and civil penalties. This Directive is thus perhaps indicative of a hardening of attitudes over breaches of environmental law. Nevertheless, this article considers the extent to which the response so far to environmental crime (including, but not limited to, the new EU Directive) has neglected the impact of such crime on the victims of that crime. The study of victims has become a key element in modern-day criminology, seeking to ensure broad acknowledgement, and respect, for the rights of victims. But in the case of environmental crime, there remains a noticeable gap. Although there are undoubtedly procedural difficulties in involving environmental victims in the criminal justice system,these are not insurmountable. Indeed there are a number ofpositive examples of where this is beginning to occur. In addition to a substantive critique of the directive, this article brings together doctrinal legal scholarship and theoretical criminology to address themes that have existed in parallel but have rarely been considered synergistically." @default.
- W170947459 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W170947459 date "2011-05-01" @default.
- W170947459 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W170947459 title "Tackling environmental crime in the European Union: the case of the missing victim?" @default.
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