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• W171434128 abstract "Bone regeneration in tissue engineering is proposed for the treatment of various orthopedic problems due to various causes. Since the last decade, tissue engineering to provide a viable alternative to compensate the therapeutic and methodological limitations that have the organ transplant (autograft or allograft) and surgical reconstruction. Due to the fast development on biomaterial technologies, to repair orthopedic defects scaffolds made by biocompatible and bioresorbable polymers and composite materials were developed for providing temporary support of damaged bone and sustain tissue regeneration. A key component in tissue engineering for bone regeneration is the scaffold that serves as a template for cell interactions and formation of bone extracellular matrix and to provide structural support for the new tissue. The scaffolds for bone regeneration should meet certain criteria, including mechanical properties similar to tissue repair, biocompatibility, biodegradability and possess a degree of remodelling. For a biomaterial used in bone regeneration is also important porosity, which promote the migration and proliferation of cells and the vascular tissue being formed. Furthermore, the porosity improves the interconnection between the natural system and bone, and shall ensure a high mechanical stability at this critical interface.The polycaprolactone (PCL)-α is a linear polyester, semi-crystalline approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for devices to be implanted in the human body. It degrades through hydrolytic scission of ester bond at physiologic pH. Because of its biocompatibility properties, degradation rate and mechanical strength, it has been investigated as biomaterial for medical-drug delivery device, and load bearing bone tissue engineering applications. The aim of the present study was to obtain PCL scaffolds by means of phase separation technique using different porogen agents in order to achieve three-dimensional porous matrices with defined porosity, mechanical properties and microstructure which allow the osteoblastic adhesion, growth and differentiation.In this work, we were carried out several scaffolds of PCL with various porogen (PEG, sucrose, fructose, spheres and threads of calcium alginate), also to improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility, but with no effect on the porosity, we added hydroxyapatite and a natural bone powder.The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the porosity of the scaffolds made of calcium alginate ratio (w/w porogen/polymer 200/100) (PCL-AT2) had indices morphometric (porosity, interconnection, distribution and pore size) very similar to natural trabecular bone as well as PCL-AT2 with the addition of hydroxyapatite (PCL-AT2-HA) or bone powder (PCL-AT2-BP).In parallel, the microcomputed tomography (microCT) analysis confirmed the presence of interconnected void spaces suitable to allow the formation of a biological environment for cellular adhesion, growth and differentiation.Moreover the mechanical test showed that all scaffolds have a maximum deformation around 3 Kg. The low load resistance, in all matrices in comparison to natural bone, is due of the lack of mineral component (hydroxyapatite), which provide a hard-wearing material. On the other hand, the elastic recovery of PCL-AT2-HA, PCL-AT2-BP was higher than that PCL-WP, PCL-AT2, because the HA and BP make more rigid the polymer and less elastic, that is more like natural bone.The viability assay (MTS assay) performed on two cell types (MC3T3-E1 cells and mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow of rabbit) shows that all three types of scaffolds, as described above, have a microenvironment suitable for cell growth compared to the polymer without the addition of porogen PCL-WP we use as a reference. In fact, PCL-WP has a porosity of about 21% while the other matrices between 72% -85%. These date indicates, that greater porosity have a positive influence on adhesion and cell growth because to allow a better transport of nutrients and oxygen.Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that after 24 h of seeding the cells were adhered to the scaffolds and appeared flattened showing an irregular and elongated form. A 7-14 days can be seen that the cell populations have created a complete monolayer and started to ECM deposition The activity of alkaline phosphatase and the mineralized matrix deposition PCL-AT2-HA e PCL-AT2-BP was higher than that PCL-WP e PCL-AT2, this date means that the presence of factors such as hydroxyapatite and bone powder create the optimum conditions for osteogenic differentiation.The RT-PCR analysis performed on MSCs seeded onto PCL confirmed the osteogenic differentiation as has been observe by the expression of typical markers, in addition MSC have a similar profile of alkaline phosphatase activity and deposition of calcium salts, where however, it was observed that the MSC on PCL-AT2-HA under basal conditions, express a significant difference (p<0,05) of production of calcium compared with other scaffolds, this date was confirmed at 14 and 21 days.In conclusion, we have identified a polymer suitable for the construction of a scaffold for bone regeneration, and identified a reproducible method, easy to implement and cheap, development of scaffolds with trabecular bone morphometric indexes similar nature with the use of calcium alginate as porogen which allow adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblast cells line and mesenchymal stem cells. The addition of HA and bone powder to polymer scaffolds, does not affect on total porosity but provides greater rigidity and also improves the osteogenic potential of the matrices. Thanks to the characteristics of the method of production, it was possible to form scaffolds as a phalanx of human with the possibility to create a customized bone prosthesis." @default.
• W171434128 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W171434128 creator A5014924150 @default.
• W171434128 date "2011-01-22" @default.
• W171434128 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W171434128 title "REALIZZAZIONE DI SCAFFOLDS TRIDIMENSIONALI IN VITRO PER LA RIGENERAZIONE OSSEA" @default.
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