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• W17149008 abstract "Thomas G. Blomberg & Stanley Cohen, eds. Punishment and Social Control: Essays in Honor of Sheldon L. Messinger. Foreword by Philip Selznick. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter, 1995. x + 318 pp. $46.95. Chris Clarkson & Rod Morgan, eds. The Politics of Sentencing Reform. New York: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press, 1995. vi + 287 pp. $59.00. Todd R. Clear. Harm in American Penology: Offenders, Victims, and Their Communities. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994. xvi + 242 pp. $74.50 cloth; $24.95 paper. Michael Tonry. Malign Neglect: Race, Crime and Punishment in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Pp. xii+233. $25.00 cloth; $11.95 paper. Michael Tonry. Sentencing Matters. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Pp. vii + 222. $29.95 cloth. The primary principle underlying physician's oath is nonmaleficence: first, do no harm. These five books present best contemporary thinking about trends in criminal sentencing and philosophies of punishment; taken together, they of fer physicians' wise counsel to modern politicians, judges, and citizens across globe. The caution is especially germane because debates about sentencing reform-indeed, debates about crime and justice generally-occur in wider context of postindustrial social change. To comprehend both manifest and latent functions of punishment and how courts can or cannot impose just sanctions on people convicted of crime, we must take account of world from which offenders and courts themselves come. These five books all provide rich consideration of issues related to inequality and political choices we make about punishment. All five volumes present thoughtful overviews of how penal philosophies have changed over past 25 years, offered either as theoretical reflections or as legislative histories and impact evaluations. All five present sober analysis of sentencing reforms that have not only failed to reduce disparities among various racial and economic classes but also have exacerbated tension between equal treatment in courts and drive to process tremendous numbers of offenders from urban underclass. The link between inequality and current sentencing policies is a primary subject in Clear's Harm in American Penology and Tonry's Malign Neglect. Clear chronicles tremendous boom in size and power of the penal harm machine over past two decades, and he asks and answers question: Why did this happen? By contrast, Tonry's starting point is jurisprudence of sentencing, not corrections, although he arrives at same question and answer that Clear does. Both implicate crime-control ideologues in inflaming extraordinary punitiveness of American public, and doing so while including an unspoken but very real degree of racism in their ideology. While Clear and Tonry believe that these arguments and agendas have produced a contemporary obsession with harsh punishment, other scholars whose work is reviewed here contend that popular punitiveness1 is a preexisting cultural characteristic springing from a variety of sources. Social inequality is not explicit focus of other works reviewed here, all of which seek to explain sentencing and how it has changed, although race and inequality are constant subterranean themes. Tonry's Sentencing Matters, for instance, is an encyclopedic compendium of sentencing theory and reform in United States, beautifully written and organized around a set of eight prescriptions for change that Tonry says are logical outcomes of studying reforms. In Sentencing Matters, Tonry's scholarly good cop book, and Malign Neglect, his angry bad cop political book, aim is to get American politicians to confess to malpractice in setting up sentencing reforms of past two decades and to do penance by repealing worst of these laws. …" @default.
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• W17149008 date "1997-01-01" @default.
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• W17149008 title "Sentencing (and) the Underclass" @default.
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