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• W1716657232 abstract "The German Society for Research and Treatment in Addiction (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Suchtforschung und Suchttherapie DG-Sucht) was founded in Berlin in 1978. There had been earlier societies in the field, such as the Association of Abstinent Doctors in German-Speaking Countries (Verein Abstinenter Ärzte des Deutschen Sprachgebiets), which dated back to the end of the 19th century. It had prominent members such as August Forel, Ernst Bleuler and Emil Kraepelin. As is true for many other scientific societies in Germany, the Society felt the negative effects of the First World War and its economic consequences but suffered above all from the Nazi regime, under which scientific societies lost their independence, and many were dissolved. After the Second World War it took several decades until internationally recognized researchers such as W. Feuerlein, together with D. Kleiner and others, took the initiative of (re-)founding the current Society. It grew out of an expert circle on drug problems which has held meetings in Berlin since 1971. Among the reasons for the formation of this group were growing drug problems among the student generation, controversial and not always peaceful public discussions and the need of state attorneys and judges for support and assistance by experts [1]. In chronological sequence, the presidents were: Feuerlein, Gerchow, Wanke, Watzl, Kovar, Böning, Schmidt and Mann. In the initial stages, the Society's Congress concentrated upon tackling the problems of addiction treatment: ‘Cannabis today’ (1979, Nuremberg), ‘The disturbance of socialization and drug dependence’ (1980, Bochum) and ‘Drug dependence’ (1981, Freiburg). From 1982 onwards, the Congress was held every 2 years. The last Congress took place in Regensburg/Bavaria and was dedicated to the theme: ‘Optimizing addiction therapy’. In 1988, additional discussions in small expert groups concerning methodological questions of addiction therapy, actual research projects and the latest advances in knowledge were initiated. Working groups were constituted which held consensus conferences on the standards of treatment research, e.g. documentation standards for the evaluation of the treatment of dependent patients or methadone treatment [2, 3]. The aims of the Society are to promote research in the addictions, improve treatment and provide advice to Federal and State governments. The Society brings together professionals who are either engaged actively in the field of addiction research or addiction treatment or are interested therein. The efforts of the Society are directed towards the investigation, identification, treatment and prevention of the causes and consequences of addictive behaviours and disorders and the misuse of psychoactive substances. The Society's charter includes cooperation with national and international associations. Full members of the Society comprise biologists, pharmacologists, physicians, psychologists, pedagogues and social workers as well as lawyers and advocates. The interdisciplinary exchange of ideas between the specialist groups is given particularly high value. Currently there are approximately 400 members. The Society is one of 152 members of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF) in Germany, which is the major player in approving new treatment approaches and in editing treatment guidelines. In this context, the Society has recently developed and published treatment guidelines in the addiction field [4]. Since 1990 the Society has been co-editing the scientific Journal SUCHT (Addiction). This journal has had a history much in parallel with the scientific society itself [5]. It was founded as the International Monthly Journal for the Fight against Drinking Practices (Internationale Monatsschrift zur Bekämpfung der Trinksitten) in Christiania (Oslo) in 1890 during the International Congress against Alcohol Abuse. The first issue was published in January 1891. The publisher (the International Office to Combat Drink Conventions) was represented by numerous well-known scientists, including Sørensen from Denmark, Forel from Switzerland, Granfeldt from Finland, Vielden from England and Tienken from Germany. It served the original Society as a scientific platform. Today, the journal sells more than 2500 copies to individuals and libraries. The Society has always been active in improving alcohol policy in Germany. It delegates the only researcher into the central addiction policy council of the Federal Government of Germany. Out-patient counselling and treatment for addicted patients is conducted primarily by social workers, pedagogues and psychologists who are organized in community council centres. Most of them are run by non-profit organizations or churches. These counselling agencies work together with general practitioners (GPs) and specialized treatment units in psychiatric hospitals, some of which also have day clinics or out-patient clinics for addicted people [5]. Coordination of the counselling centres nation-wide is carried out by the German Centre for Addiction Issues (Deutsche Hauptstelle für Suchtfragen DHS), which is also one of the major players in developing and approving addiction policies. Members of the Society act as scientific advisers for and through this organization. One common area of interest is anti-stigma campaigns. During the 1970s and 1980s the Society's presidents were academics who held chairs in legal medicine, psychiatry and pharmaceutics. Other members of the Society were working in academic departments or the Max-Planck-Institute. However, there was no systematic funding on a national or regional level for addiction research. This changed as a consequence of the increase in prevalence rates of illegal drugs in the mid-80s. In 1990 a national plan for fighting illegal drugs was drafted. With substantial support and input from the Society a research programme was added to the national plan, which began in 1991. In the first 5 years three research groups led by members of the Society were funded (John, Krauss, Mann). In the following 5-year period more than 35 projects, from basic science and epidemiology to treatment research in the field of illegal drugs, alcoholism and tobacco dependence, were funded. From 2001 to 2008 a third programme was begun, which organizes research through regional consortia. From 16 proposals, a group of international reviewers selected four consortia which are currently being funded. Again, their Directors are members of the Society (Gastpar/Gaebel, John, Mann, Wittchen) (http://www.bw-suchtweb.de, http://www.asat-verbund.de, http://www.suchtforschungsverbund-nrw.de, http://www.medizin.uni-greifswald.de and epidem/forschung/intervention/earlint.html). The current programme comprises more than 30 individual projects. The money (approximately €28 million) comes from the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) and is allocated after a peer review process. Apart from funding individual projects organized by regional consortia, one strategic aim of the initiative was to lay the grounds for addiction research structures at German universities. Several departments or divisions for addiction research were created permanently as a consequence of this programme. They are located in Mannheim/Heidelberg (Kiefer, Mann, Spanagel), Tuebingen (Wolffgramm), Essen (Scherbaum) and Dresden (Bühringer). In addition, members of the Society who have been or still are involved in the research programme were appointed to academic chairs in departments of psychology, psychiatry or anaesthesiology (John, Wittchen, Rist, Heinz, Spieß). Altogether this research programme can be considered successful, both in terms of improving research structures at German universities as well as in training young researchers in the addiction field. It also increased the number of publications in leading addiction research journals. Psychotherapy for addictive behaviour has been a long-standing interest of many members of the Society. Germany is one of the few countries where long-term in-patient rehabilitation for alcohol-dependent or drug-dependent patients is still available. In 1989 Kuefner & Feuerlein were already able to show the efficacy of this approach in a large-scale study [6]. Trials using cognitive behavioural therapy alone or in combination with medication have been performed [7]; other trials have looked at the efficacy of cue exposure versus standard treatment [8]. In recent years, neurobiological approaches such as neuroimaging and genetics have gained more attention from German addiction researchers. Several positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (f-MRI) studies as well as MR-spectroscopy studies were performed or are still ongoing [9]. With the growing expertise of researchers, new addiction research projects have been funded by other sources such as the European Union, the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG), the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) and regional funding programmes in several of the 16 federal states of Germany. One example is a controlled trial comparing heroin with methadone treatment in drug addicts [10]. Apart from treatment issues and alcohol policy, a large-scale European study on genetics and neuroimaging of addictive behaviour is being funded (Imaging Genetics: IMAGEN). Some members of the Society are collaborating with colleagues in the United States and are funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) resulting in joint workshops and publications (Cognitive Behavioural Intervention: CBI) [11]. As a further consequence of these funding programmes, ‘clinical trial networks’ for the treatment of alcoholism as well as nicotine dependence were established. For example, more than 10 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials (RCTs) in relapse prevention in alcoholism were performed in Germany and neighbouring countries during the last decade [12]. Beyond RCTs, several research areas were covered in this clinical trial network in the field of smoking cessation: prospective studies on the development of smoking and tobacco dependence in children and adolescents, establishment of smoking cessation services in general practitioners' or rehabilitation settings and individualized treatment strategies for subgroups of smokers at high risk of relapse (including drug addiction, alcoholism or depression) are some examples for the wide range of research projects. Taken together, recent progress in addiction research in Germany has put the country back on the map for Congresses on a world-wide level (i.e. the 10th International Conference on Treatment of Addictive Behaviors, Heidelberg, 2003, the 6th Meeting of the Society of Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) in Tuebingen 2004, or the 12th Congress of the International Society for Biomedical Research in Alcoholism—ISBRA in Mannheim, 2004). In recent years more scientific societies dealing with addiction issues have been created in Germany, such as the Society for Addiction Psychology, the Society for Addiction Medicine and the Society for Social Work in the Addiction Field. While this process of diversification has helped to make addiction issues more of a topic in different scientific domains, this process also holds the danger of losing impact. Therefore, all current leaders of the different societies have agreed to create a common platform with one central addiction research conference per year in Germany. The first of its kind will be held in Mannheim (11–14 June 2008). This conference is organized in association with addiction research societies in Austria and Switzerland. Being partly held in English, it is also open for colleagues from other countries and continents (http://www.suchtkongress08.de)" @default.
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